Abdullah, MS

Covington, CY

Jimenez, R

Lithgow, D

Zangar, R

English

PubMed

CY Covington

D Lithgow

R Zangar

MS Abdullah

R Jimenez

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Chronic inflammation, C-reactive protein, and breast health: future directions to predict, prevent, personalize and inspire consumerism in the mitigation of breast cancer

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BMC Proceedings
Open AccessMeeting abstract
Chronic inflammation, C-reactive protein, and breast health: future 
directions to predict, prevent, personalize and inspire consumerism 
in the mitigation of breast cancer
CY Covington*1, D Lithgow2, R Zangar3, MS Abdullah4 and R Jimenez5
Address: 1Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA, 2Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA, 3Biological 
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 4Aga Khan Medical Center, Nairobi, Kenya and 5Department of 
Dairy Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
Email: CY Covington* - chandice.covington@ttuhsc.edu
* Corresponding author    
Breast cancer incidence has dropped dramatically with
further reductions predictably linked to lifestyle/behavio-
ral and environmental changes. About 98% of malignant
breast conditions emanate within the epithelial cell com-
partment in the breast ductal system. Premalignant cell
damage in this lining signals a biochemical cascade that
deliver inflammatory proteins to the site. One protein,
CRP, is associated with carcinogenic risk. An inflamma-
tion cell milieu amendable to efficient, low cost, preven-
tive interventions that impede biochemical/molecular
conversion to cancer would offer a 'disruptive innovation'
with public health implications. Nipple aspirate (NAF), a
non-invasively obtained tissue sample, is a rich source of
protein markers manufactured by the ductal system. First,
Lithgow's dissertation determined if CRP relates to repro-
ductive, nutrition, and body composition and activity fac-
tors. Results were that age at first pregnancy, gravidity,
wean time from breast-feeding last baby, %fat, and BMI,
with p < .05, and serum triglycerides (p = .01), were
related significantly to CRP levels in NAF. A model
derived from selective factors significantly (p = .05)
accounted for the variance in CRP in NAF. Second, Lith-
gow evaluated if risk factors, as identified by the Gail
model, were associated with NAF CRP levels. CRP in NAF
significantly (p = .04) and positively related to breast can-
cer risk as predicted by the Gail model. A third bio-cul-
tural study offers a perspective breast microenvironment
that challenges western views of the female breast. Pro-
teins prevalent in grandmother age (35 – 70 years of
age)breast fluids collected in an investigation of the use of
re-lactation in response to a goal to reduce infant exposure
to HIV transferred in mother's breast milk found that
these grandmothers could re-establish a nutritious/ade-
quate milk supply equivalent with the cell and protein
components of human milk. The inflammatory hypothe-
sis, as a potential preventive base to support breast-feed-
ing support for maternal health, systematic testing of NAF,
serial expression of NAF, dietary supplements and other
innovations taken together promise further reductions of
breast cancer incidence. The western view of female breast
pathophysiology may benefit from a 'disruptive innova-
tion' philosophy applied to the translational model of
knowledge development that is predictive, preventive,
personalized, and participatory in the mitigation of breast
cancer.
from 6th International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach to Breast Cancer
Santa Monica, CA, USA. 19–21 February 2009
Published: 24 July 2009
BMC Proceedings 2009, 3(Suppl 5):S2 doi:10.1186/1753-6561-3-S5-S2
<supplement> <title> <p>6th International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach to Breast Cancer</p> </title> <editor>Susan Rochman, Dixie Mills, Julian Kim, Henry Kuerer and Susan Love</editor> <note>Meeting abstracts – A single PDF containing all abstracts in this Supplement is available <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/files/pdf/1753-6561-3-S5-full.pdf">here</a>.</note> <url>http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1753-6561-3-S5-info.pdf</url> </supplement>
This abstract is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/3/S5/S2
© 2009 Covington et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 


Covington CY

Lithgow D

Zangar R

Abdullah MS

Jimenez R

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Chronic inflammation, C-reactive protein, and breast health: future directions to predict, prevent, personalize and inspire consumerism in the mitigation of breast cancer

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