NFR: Number of fruits; YFR: Fruit yield; NDF: Number of days from planting to the beginning of flowering; NDP: Number of days from planting to the beginning of production; PDE: Plant development; PFF: Presence of flowers and fruits; BRC: Branch color; PAB: Presence of anthocyanin on the branches; PHE: Presence of heterophylly; PST: Presence of stipule

ARAUJO, F. P. de

GIRARDI, E. A.

JESUS, O. N. de

MACHADO, C. de F.

OLIVEIRA, E. J. de

Portuguese

Repository Open Access to Scientific Information from Embrapa

Illustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.18Morpho-agronomic descriptors Plant descriptorsFigure 1. Parts of the Passiflora morifolia Mast branch.SinusFlower budFruitNectary Branch PetioleLeafFlower TendrilStipulePhotos: Onildo Nunes de Jesus1234567891012345678910Onildo Nunes de JesusCristina de Fátima MachadoFrancisco Pinheiro de Araújo Eder Jorge de Oliveira Eduardo Augusto GirardiIllustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.19NFR: Number of fruitsCounting and characterizing the number of fruits should be conducted during peak crop production (suggested to be between the 10th and 12th month after field planting, depending on the growing region). Every fruit on the plant (small and large) should be counted. When counting the fruits, it is suggested to pollinate and mark some flowers in the plot with colorful ribbons to identify the next date for a new fruit count, considering the fully ripe fruits derived from this marking. Thus, the next evaluation will only occur after the development and abscission of fruits previously identified and the emergence of the new fruit crop. YFR: Fruit yieldFruit yield is measured by weighing and counting all the fruits of the experimental plot during part of the production period or for the whole production period. The estimated yield is expressed in tons per hectare. The total number of fruits per hectare may also complement the information on the estimated crop yield. For productivity, the number of plants in the plot and the number of plants per hectare should be considered, as well as the spacing used in the experiment (HAFLE et al., 2009; JESUS et al., 2016).Illustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.20NDF: Number of days from   planting to the beginning of floweringThe time from planting until the beginning of flowering may vary depending on environmental conditions and also due to differences among genotypes. Thus, this measurement is obtained by recording the number of days required from planting until the beginning of flowering, which should be recorded weekly until the end of flowering (ARAÚJO et al., 2008).NDP: Number of days from planting   to the beginning of productionEarly yield is an important aspect to be evaluated in different passion fruit accessions. It is used to anticipate harvesting periods and even to increase productivity in some situations. This measure is determined by the number of days from planting in the field until the fall of the first ripe fruit.PDE: Plant developmentTo evaluate this descriptor, it is important that all seedlings are sown and planted at the same time. After planting, the growth of seedlings under field conditions should be followed from the 3rd to the 4th month (Figure 2). This descriptor makes it possible to evaluate the vigor and precociousness of the genotypes (JESUS et al., 2016). This evaluation can be done in a predetermined period. For this evaluation the following classes should be adopted:Illustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.211. Presence of primary branches3. Presence of  tertiary branches (curtain)2. Presence of secondary branches Figure 2. Plant development: Presence of primary branches (1); Presence of secondary branches (2) and Presence of  tertiary branches (curtain).Illustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.22PFF: Presence of flowers and fruitsAfter the seedlings reach the crop wire (Figure 3) and when secondary branches (lateral branches) are present, the evaluations of the presence and absence of flowers and fruits can be performed (JESUS et al., 2016):  1. Absence of flowers and fruits3. Presence of flowers and fruits2. Presence of flowers only4. Presence of fruits onlyFigure 3. Flowers and fruits: Absence of flowers and fruits (1); Presence of flowers only (2); Presence of flowers and fruits (3) e Presence of fruits only (4).Illustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.23Photos: Onildo Nunes de Jesus1. Light-green3. Purplish-green2. Dark-green4. Reddish-purpleBRC: Branch colorObservations for the evaluation of the branchBranch: evaluate vigorous branches resulting from spring budding (young branches, of the year, still not fully lignified).If the plant does not present the characteristic under evaluation (for example absence of bracts in the flowers) assign zero to the descriptor and specify the reason.Source: Adapted from Brazil (2008a, 2008b).Illustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.24PAB: Presence of anthocyanin on the branches1. Absent (no anthocyanin)3. Medium (more purple than green; purplish-green)2. Few (more green than purple)4. 4. High (completely  reddish purple)Photos: Onildo Nunes de JesusIllustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.25Photos: Onildo Nunes de Jesus1. Absent2. PresentPHE: Presence of heterophyllyIllustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.26Photos: Onildo Nunes de Jesus2. Present1. AbsentPST: Presence of stipuleIllustrated morpho-agronomic descriptors for Passiflora spp.27ReferencesARAÚJO, F. P.; SILVA, N.; QUEIROZ, M. A. Divergência genética entre acessos de Passiflora cincinnata Mast com base em descritores morfoagronômicos. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 30, n. 3, p. 723-730, 2008.BRAZIL Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de maracujá das espécies: Passiflora alata Curtis; Passiflora amethysina J. C.Mikan; Passiflora caerulea L.; Passiflora cincinnata Mast.; Passiflora coccinea Aubl.; Passiflora foetida L.; Passiflora gardneri Mast.; Passiflora ligularis Juss.; Passiflora mucronata Lam.; Passiflora nitida Bonpl. ex Kunth; Passiflora quadrangularis L.; Passiflora setacea DC.; Passiflora tenuifila Killip e Passiflora tripartita (Juss.). 2008a. Available at: <http:/www.agricultura.gov.br>  Accessed on: 10 mar. 2013. BRAZIL Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims). 2008b. Available at: <http:/www.agricultura.gov.br> Accessed on: 10 mar. 2013.GLOSSÁRIO de termos botânicos. Available at: <http://felix.ib.usp.br/bib304/glossario_2009.pdf>. Accessed on: 09 ago. 2013.HAFLE, O. M.; RAMOS, J. D.; LIMA, L. C. O.; FERREIRA, E. A.; MELO, P. C. Produtividade e qualidade de frutos do maracujazeiro-amarelo submetido à poda de ramos produtivos. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, v. 31, n. 3, p. 763-770, 2009.JESUS, O. N.; SOARES, T. L.; GIRARDI, E. A.; ROSA, R. C. C.; OLIVEIRA, E. J.; CRUZ NETO, A. J.; SANTOS, V. T.; OLIVEIRA, J. R. P. Evaluation of intraspecific hybrids of yellow passionfruit in organic farming. African Journal of Agricultural Research, June 2016.

Morpho-agronomic descriptors: plant descriptors.

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Morpho-agronomic descriptors: plant descriptors.

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