This work seeks to determine the best methods of production of partly carbonized waste of biodiesel industry - castor (Ricinus communis) meal - aimed at obtaining material comparable to organic matter of soils Terras Pretas de Índios to be used as a soil amendment and as a matrix material to prepare slow release fertilizers

MANGRICH, A. S.

NICOLINI, K. P.

NOVOTNY, E. H.

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2008 Conference of the International Biochar InitiativeSOIL AMENDMENT AND SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER PREPARATION FROM CASTOR MEALAntonio S. Mangrich (1), Keller P. Nicolini (1) and Etelvino H. Novotny (2)(1) Chemistry Department, Federal University  of Paraná, Curitiba-PR, Brazil(2) Embrapa Solos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazilmangrich@quimica.ufpr.brThis work seeks to determine the best methods of production of partly carbonized waste of biodiesel industry - castor (Ricinus communis) meal - aimed at obtaining material comparable to organic matter of soils Terras Pretas de Indios to be used as a soil amendment and as a matrix material to prepare slow release fertilizers. Analyzes by R-ray fluorescence (XRF), indicates the presence of elements that play important role in the soil biomass nutrients. The comparison between the raw and the carbonized materials shows (Table 1 ) that the concentration of the plant nutrient elements, P, Si, K, Ca and Fe increase their concentrations in the bulk carbonized material, as compared with the raw material, while the concentration of sulfur and magnesium, decreases.Raw castor meal.P2O5SO3SiO2K2O CaO MgO Al2O3Fe2O3Cl1.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.1Carbonized (500 ºC, 2 h) castor meal.P2O5SO3SiO2K2O CaO MgO Al2O3Fe2O3Cl4.1 0.2 2.4 4.8 4.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3By DRUV-Vis spectroscopy (Figure 1) the raw material presents two mainly absorption bands at 220 and 280 nm, typical of electronic transitions into the organic materials (π → π*), and the carbonized material presents continuous absorption from 250 to 850 nm, typical of humicmaterials with high degree of conjugation. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) study (Figure 2) shows that the concentration of free radicals increase from the raw material (number of spin g-1 = 5.38 X 1016) to the carbonized material (1.45 X 1019). Thought this technique, the carbonized material shows performance of a humic-like material in correlation with the results of the DRUV-Vis study.  The material was also used to prepare a potassium slow release fertilizer by mixing potassium sulfate with appropriate quantity of the raw material and promoting the carbonization. By tests of leaching with water, aqueous citric (C6H8O7) and HClacids, 0.1 mol L-1, the obtained product shows a capacity of K retention of 87.6 % (Figure 3).  The retained K will slowly be released to the soil in more satisfactory way with the necessity of the plants. The carbonized material and the potassium slow release fertilizer are been characterized now by the technique of 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR).Acknowledgements. The authors are grateful to the UFPR, and Brazilian Government Agencies, FINEP, CNPq and CAPES and to Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology (IRCSET) – Ireland.Figure 1. DRUV-Vis spectroscopy100 200 300 400 500Carbonized (500 ºC, 2 h) castor mealRaw castor mealMagnetic field / mTFigure 2. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.50.0850250Carbonized (500 ºC, 2 h) castor mealRaw castor meal280220f (KM) = (1-R)2 / 2*R)Wavelength / nm0 100 200 300 400 500 600-50050100150200250300350400[K+] / mg L-1Time / hFigure 3. By tests of leaching with water (■),  aqueous citric acids C6H8O7(aq)  0.1 mol L-1 (▲) and HCl(aq) 0.1 mol L-1 (•), 0.1 mol L-1A.S. Mangrich E. H. Novotny            K. P. NicoliniTable 1. Element oxides percentage obtained by XRF for the castor meal samples. C 15

Soil amendment and slow release fertiliser preparation from castor meal.

https://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/bitstream/doc/339824/1/NICOLINI-C15.pdf

Soil amendment and slow release fertiliser preparation from castor meal.

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