Rikkinen, Jouko

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Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto

Chaenotheca olivaceorufa (Caliciales) New to North AmericaAuthor(s): Jouko RikkinenSource: The Bryologist, Vol. 101, No. 4 (Winter, 1998), pp. 558-559Published by: American Bryological and Lichenological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3244529 .Accessed: 12/10/2013 05:41Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp .JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. .American Bryological and Lichenological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extendaccess to The Bryologist.http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.214.2.137 on Sat, 12 Oct 2013 05:41:50 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and ConditionsThe Bryologist 101(4), pp. 558-559 Copyright ? 1998 by the American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc. Chaenotheca olivaceorufa (Caliciales) New to North America JOUKO RIKKINEN Department of Plant Biology, Botany, PO. Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Abstract. The lichen Chaenotheca olivaceorufa Vainio collected in California, Oregon, and Washington is here reported new for North America. The ecology of the species is discussed briefly and a map showing its known world distribution is provided. During a botanical excursion to California or- ganized by the Department of Botany, University of Helsinki in 1992, the author collected Chaeno- theca olivaceorufa Vainio, not earlier reported from North America. Since then the species has also been found from several localities in western Oregon and Washington. Chaenotheca olivaceorufa is a small species, but easily recognized even in the field by its flexuous, often grouped ascomata and a protruding mazae- dium commonly extending as a column far beyond the edges of the apothecium (Fig. 1). The edges of the excipulum and the lower side of the capitulum are pruinose. The pruina is yellow in young apo- thecia and reddish brown in older ones. Ascospores are spheric, more or less smooth, and rather small (3.2)3.5-4.2(4.8) aim. The thallus is immersed, but may often give the substrate a greenish brown col- oration. Chaenotheca olivaceorufa differs from most species of the genus in being lichenized with Trentepohlia. North American specimens agree well with previously described material, albeit hav- ing slightly larger spores. For a more detailed de- scription, see Tibell (1983, 1987, 1996). Chaenotheca olivaceorufa occurs mainly on lig- num and dead, rotten bark in shaded forests. All North American localities are from low elevations (50-260 m), from conifer forests and mixed hard- wood-conifer forests. Large populations have been seen in decorticated basal crevices of old, living trees (Acer macrophyllum, Picea sitchensis, Taxus brevifolia) and on large snags (Pseudotsuga men- ziesii, Sequoia sempervirens). It has also been found on conifer bark, on the basal trunks of Abies grandis, Picea sitchensis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Taxus brevifolia, and Tsuga heterophylla. Other species of Caliciales s.lat. (Tibell 1984) from the same microhabitats have included Calicium ad- spersum Pers., C. salicinum Pers., Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell, C. chrysocephala (Ach.) Th. Fr., C. chlorella (Ach.) Mtill. Arg., C. ferrugi- nea (Turner & Borrer) Mig., C. furfuracea (L.) Ti- bell, C. hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr., C. hygrophila Ti- bell, C. stemonea (Ach.) Mtill. Arg., C. trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr., Chaenothecopsis consociata (Nfidv.) A. E W. Schmidt, C. debilis (Sm.) Tibell, C. sa- vonica (Raistinen) Tibell, C. ussuriensis Titov, Cy- bebe gracilenta (Ach.) Tibell, Cyphelium inquinans (Sm.) Trevis., Microcalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Vain., and Stenocybe clavata Tibell. Also branched groups of pycnidia, similar to those of Chaenothe- copsis viridireagens (Nidv.) A. E W. Schmidt have been present in some specimens (Tibell 1993). Chaenotheca olivaceorufa and C. hispidula are among the few Chaenotheca species that are lich- enized with Trentepohlia. In Oregon, they often oc- cur in the same low elevation forests as Scleropho- ra farinacea (Chevall.) Chevall., S. peronella (Ach.) Tibell, and Chaenothecopsis rubescens Vai- nio, which also are associated with Trentepohlia. All of these species are characteristic of mature Pseudotsuga-Quercus woodlands and riparian hard- wood stands in the Willamette Valley. The Trente- pohlia photobionts of temperate and tropical Cali- ciales may be relatively sensitive to low tempera- tures. Thus, minimum temperatures could be important in explaining their restriction to low el- evations and oceanic sites at higher latitudes (Rik- kinen 1995). The total range of Chaenotheca olivaceorufa covers temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions (Tibell 1994). It has been collected from Australa- sia and the Neotropics, and seems to be particularly common on the North Island of New Zealand (Ti- bell 1983, 1987, 1996). In tropical South America its range also extends to the Atlantic Coast. In the Northern Hemisphere it has been reported from the southernmost Kuril Islands (Titov 1991) and now from western North America. As it seems to be widespread on both sides of the Pacific and also occurs in tropical lowlands, it may well have a cir- cum-Pacific distribution (Fig. 2). Among other li- chens, some taxa in Coccotrema, Placopsis, and Turgidosculum show such distribution patterns (Galloway 1991). Specimens examined.--U.S.A. CALIFORNIA. Mendocino Co., Rikkinen 92065. Humbolt Co., Rikkinen 98245. OREGON. Benton Co., Rikkinen 97124, 97125, 97207, 97215, 97341, 98367; Peterson 2805. Curry Co., Rikkinen 0007-2745/98/558-559$0.35/0 This content downloaded from 128.214.2.137 on Sat, 12 Oct 2013 05:41:50 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1998] RIKKINEN: CHAENOTHECA OLIVACEORUFA 559 I`Ru FIGURE 1. Chaenotheca olivaceorufa Vainio (U.S.A. OREGON, Rikkinen 98367). Bar = 0.5 mm. o ?a ..p. , -~ i., :: B FIGURE 2. Known world distribution of Chaenotheca olivaceorufa Vainio (partly after Tibell 1987, 1996; Titov 1991). 98256; Josephine Co., Rikkinen 98099; Polk Co., Rikkinen 98014; Lane Co., Rikkinen 98138, 98144, 98148, 98149, 98153, 98182, 98184; Lincoln Co., Rikkinen 98342. WASHINGTON. Thursten Co., Rikkinen 98207, 98208 (all specimens in H and osc). ACKNOWLPDGMENTS I thank Dan Norris for being an excellent field guide during the 1992 excursion and Bruce McCune for a won- derful year in Oregon State University. Thanks are also due to Leif Tibell for confirming my identification of the first Californian specimen. LITERATURE CITED GALLOWAY, D. J. 1991. Biogeographical relationships of Pacific tropical lichen floras, pp. 1-16. In D. J. Gal- loway (ed.), Tropical Lichens: Their systematics, Con- servation, and Ecology. Clarendon Press, Oxford. RIKKINEN, J. 1995. What's behind the pretty colours? A study on the photobiology of lichens. Bryobrothera 4: 1-239. TIBELL, L. 1983. A new species of Chaenotheca from New Zealand. Lichenologist 15: 131-134. S1984. A reappraisal of the taxonomy of Cali- ciales. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft 79: 567-713. S1987. Australasian Caliciales. Symbolae Botan- icae Upsaliensis. XXVII: 1-279. S1993. The anamorphs of Chanothecopsis viri- direagens. Nordic Journal of Botany 13: 331-335. 1994. Distribution patterns and dispersal strate- gies of Caliciales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 116: 150-202. S1996. Caliciales. Flora Neotropica Monograph 69: 1-78. Trrov, A. 1991. Lichens of the order Caliciales from Ku- nashir (Kuril Islands). Botanical Journal 76: 111-113. ms. submitted Mar. 20, 1998; accepted June 30, 1998. This content downloaded from 128.214.2.137 on Sat, 12 Oct 2013 05:41:50 AMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions

Chaenotheca olivaceorufa (Caliciales) new to North America

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Chaenotheca olivaceorufa (Caliciales) new to North America

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Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto