There is much more to democracy in a globalised world than the liberalist idea that it promotes bilateral state-to-state peace. In this chapter, I examine the state of the art in these three regards: the theory of democratic peace, the theory of cosmopolitan democracy, and theories about the conditions of security community, this last understood in terms of peaceful changes, self-transformative capacity of contexts, and democracy. In that connection, I reopen the Rousseauian and Marxian question of whether private property in some sense can also be a reason for state violence, or political violence more generally. I argue that as the world has seen a return to the economic liberal ideals of the nineteenth century, it is plausible to assume that the Marxian question too has become again more acutely relevant.Peer reviewe
