本文查阅了大量国内外文献，综述了新疆绿洲防护林的发展历程；选择了塔里木河下游尾闾绿洲2个滴灌防护林地进行了小气候效益、土壤水盐分布特征的研究，目的是探讨现有维护条件下防护林小气候效益是否稳定、土壤水盐运移与林木根系的关系。结果显示：（1）过去新疆绿洲防护林树(林)种、种植模式、灌溉方式等逐渐被树（林）种多样化、时间上有序、空间上有层次的窄林带、小网格以及微滴灌所替代。（2）滴灌防护林地内，相对湿度与温度呈负相关关系，但是这种现象在2号林成熟林地中不是很明显；1号林地内，距绿洲200 m林地的相对湿度分别比距绿洲250、300m的林地高出14 %、24 %；距绿洲200 m的林地温度分别比距绿洲250 m、300 m的林地低3 %、5 %，说明了当地小气候效益主要依赖于内部绿洲湿岛效应的影响使系统湿度作用得以体现。2号林地内，新生林体系相对湿度变化与温度变化较流动沙地缓和，相对湿度的平均变化率比流动沙地低1.2 %，温度的平均变化率比旷野低2.3 %。与成林体系相比，新生林体系相对湿度降低了13.5 %、温度升高了18.3 %，因此，新生林地小气候效益与成熟林地相比有一定的差距。（3）据土壤水分分布特点，流动沙丘土壤剖面可分为3个层次：表层干沙层、中层稳定半干层、下层剧烈变化湿沙层；无论在3 m距离滴头下还是在0.75 m距离滴头下，盐分随着土壤深度的增加而增加，前者于50 cm深处左右达峰值，后者于65 cm深处左右达峰值，因此，最大含盐区对当地林木根系的影响不大（新生林地胡杨Populus euphratica、沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia根系主要分布在40 cm左右深处）；不同滴头距离下的水盐分布特征不同点在于：窄距离滴头间有水盐运移的互作影响，使得最湿土层与最大含盐量土层较宽距离滴头情况下移，因此当地的窄滴头距离下的人工滴灌措施对土壤的压盐碱作用更明显。（4）0～20 cm土层含盐量情况为：流动沙地＞荒漠林地＞3 m距离滴头林地＞0.75 m距离滴头林地，且0.75 m距离滴头下的土壤盐分比3 m距离滴头低50.4 %；20～50cm土层含盐量情况为：3m距离滴头林地＞荒漠林地＞0.75 m距离滴头林地＞流动沙地，且天然沙地与未滴灌林地内盐分含量几乎没什么差别。On basis of lots of literatures, development history in shelter forest field are reviewed in this paper. Two of shelter forests in ending oasis of the lower reaches of Tarim River are choosed, microclimate benefits and the soil water and salt distribution characteristics are analyzed. The result showed that:（1）The single ecotypic protection forest in history has been turned into the agricultural eco-economic protection forest, and has the polytype tree species, the mode of wide shelter belt and large mesh has been replaced by mode of narrow shelter belt and small mesh which is orderly in time and has levels in space, and the irrigation of shelter belt in history such as flooding , furrow irrigation have been replaced by water-saving irrigation.（2）In drip irrigation windbreaks, there is a positive relationship between relative humidity and temperature, but this phenomenon is not obvious in number 2 shelter belt ; in number 1 shelter belt, the average relative humidity in shelter belt which is 200 meters from oasis is 14% and 24% respectively higher than shelter belt which is 250m and 300m from oasis b; the average temperature in shelter belt 200 meters from oasis is 3% and 5% respectively lower than shelter belt which is 250m and 300m from oasis ; in number 2 shelter belt, the change of relative humidity and temperature is gentle, the average change of relative humidity and temperature is 1.2% and 2.3% respectively lower than mobile desert .（3）On the base of soil moisture-distribution characteristics，soil layers of wandering dune divided into three layers: dry sand bed in surface layer, steady semi-dry sand bed in middle layer and rapidly changed wet sand bed in lower layer. Either in 3m dripper distance or 0.75m dripper distance, salt content increased following the depth of soil layer in vertical direction, the former peaked in about 50cm depth and the latter peaked in about 65cm depth. The difference between 3m dripper distance and 0.75m dripper distance consist in that: position of the wettest layer and the highest salinity layer under 0.75-meter distance of water dropper moved down about one layer in comparison with 3m dipper distance due to the interaction of the narrow distance of 0.75-meter dipper distance. （4）Salt content property of 0～20cm Layer showed: mobile desert＞ desert woodland ＞ woodland in 3m dripper distance condition ＞ woodland in 0.75m dripper distance condition, and the salt content in 0.75m dripper distance condition was lower than in 3m by 50.4%; Salt content property of 20～50cm Layer showed: woodland in 3m dripper distance condition ＞desert woodland＞ woodland in 0.75m dripper distance condition＞mobile desert and there is no difference in salt content between mobile desert and desert woodland
