Book review. Reviewed book: Antonella De Carlo: Il ceto equestre di Campania, Apulia et Calabria, Lucania et Bruttii dalla tarda Repubblica al IV secolo (2 voll.). Vetera 19. Edizioni Quasar, Roma 2015. ISBN 978-88-7140-685-5.Non peer reviewe

Salomies, Olli

Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto

229De novis libris iudiciaAntonella De Carlo: Il ceto equestre di Campania, Apulia et Calabria, Lucania et Bruttii dalla tarda Repubblica al IV secolo (2 voll.). Vetera 19. Edizioni Quasar, Roma 2015. ISBN 978-88-7140-685-5. 1–276 & VIII, 277–479 pp. EUR 60. This is an ambitious work by a scholar already known for several significant contributions especially on subjects related to the topic of this book, and I must already at this point observe that this book has in my view achieved its goal with remarkable success. The aim of the author is twofold. On the one hand, she seeks to collect all the evidence concerning representatives of the equestrian order in the regions indicated in the title, which in fact cover the whole southern part of the Italian peninsula. For the most part the evidence is epigraphic, but there are also persons known from literary sources, e.g., from Cicero, Horace, Josephus, Juvenal, Seneca – Lucilius Iunior assigned to Pompeii on p. 131 –, Statius, Suetonius and Velleius. On the other hand, the goal is to analyze this material from a historical point of view. The author is to be congratulated for having been able to publish both parts at the same time. The first volume is dedicated to the presentation of the material in the form of a "Catalogo prosopografico". The catalogue is preceded by an introduction in which the author says that she has tried to inspect all inscriptions, whenever this was possible, and as a result, vol. II finishes off with 43 plates of photos, with over 150 texts being illustrated. Her material also includes unpublished texts collected during the last thirty years by Professor Giuseppe Camodeca (e.g., the important text from Aequum Tuticum mentioning the military tribune Q. Gagilius Q. f. Pal. Modestus, p. 188; also, e.g., on p. 158 and 204). Moreover, the material contains inscriptions published in media not likely to be consulted by the average epigraphist and which have thus remained unnoticed.  An example of this is on p. 124f. the inscription, published in the "Ann. Assoc. Noment." of 2001 but ignored by the AE, of L. Cantinius L. f. Men. Maximus Nuceria Cons(tantia) who made it to the procuratorship of the hereditates. There are more than 310 equestrians included in the catalogue, 170 from Campania, around 100 from regio II, and 37 from regio III. From the diagrams on p. 11 one sees that in all three regions, the equestrians datable to the Augustan and Julio-Claudian period form the largest group, and that the group including the equestrians between Hadrian and Commodus is the second largest. However, the third century is also well represented, especially in the case of regio II; this surely has something to do with the fact that Beneventum, known for the concentration of its epigraphical heritage to the "later" period, belonged to this regio. The introduction is followed by a substantial bibliography (but in her notes, the author in fact cites many other studies). As for the catalogue itself, it is divided into three chapters, Campania p. 49–174, Apulia et Calabria, i.e. regio II (p. 175–242), Lucania et Bruttii, i.e. regio III (p. 243–276). Within these chapters, there are separate sections for each city which has at least one equestrian on offer; the cities are listed in alphabetical rather than in geographical order, and an alphabetical – rather than, say, a chronological – order is used also for the individual entries (not numbered) within the sections. An entry normally consists of one person, but in some cases also of several persons belonging to the same family (e.g., the Velleii on p. 94f., the Gerellani on p. 209ff., the Tullii Cicerones from Paestum on p. 254ff.). In collecting the material, the author has cast her net wide, for it is (of course) not only Italian inscriptions that are cited but also, e.g., military diplomas mentioning auxiliary command-ers coming from S. Italy (e.g., M. Blossius Vitalis from Capua, p. 70f.; or Ti. Claudius Maximinus from Naples, p. 112, known from several diplomas published recently) or inscriptions published in 230 Arctos 50 (2016)little-known non-Italian publications (e.g., p. 145 under C. Iulius Capretanus). At least in the case of inscriptions from the area studied here and which still exist, a detailed description of the stones in question is normally offered in a footnote (and there is of course always a reference to the existence of the photo in vol. II).The result is a very solid survey, based on all relevant sources, of the equestrians from the area under study. It is of note that an origin from S. Italy is assigned, at least tentatively, to several significant figures (cf., e.g., for prefects of Egypt p. 102f. and 198f., for a procurator of Mauretania p. 144); the book also contains new proposals for the reading and interpretation of some inscriptions (e.g., p. 53f. on CIL X 1131). There are very few cases which would need correcting, but here are some. P. 56 (on AE 2008, 337): here the author follows G. Camodeca in reading iu[dici a Ti. Claudio Caes. Aug.? --- ] / allecto in d[ecurias quinque]. The problem here is that, although there are many inscriptions mentioning the adlection of knights to the decuriae of judges, these knights are not referred to as iudices; it is only in inscriptions (mostly from Spain) saying that one is a judge that the expression iudex is applied (in the dative) to the honorand (e.g., iudic(i) dec(uriarum) V, ILS 6936; iudici decur(iae) I, CIL II 4275). The reading proposed for the inscription above thus seems debat-able to me. P. 109: in the nomenclature of C. Aelius P. fil. Cl. Quirin. Domitianus Gaurus (ILS 2748), Quirin. is here, as elsewhere, identified as the cognomen Quirinus. However, I wonder whether it could not be interpreted as the nomen Quirinius, in which case one could see this person as the son of P. Quirinius – a P. Quirinius Pothus is attested as one of the witnesses in several military diplomas between AD 101 and 110 – adopted by testament by C. Aelius. P. 184f.: M. Bassaeus Rufus the praetorian prefect could be illustrated also by a remarkable inscription from Corduba, CIL II2 7, 274, Marco Bassaeo Rufo / viri co(n)s(ularis) progenero etc. P. 119 n. 526: the name of the consul of 122 was perhaps rather L. Corellius Neratius Pansa, with the nomina in this order (see the diploma RMD V 359 = AE 2002, 1767). P. 144: T. Aius Sanctus seems in fact to have been called T. Taius Sanctus (F. Mitthof, Tyche 25 [2010] 230ff.) and is thus not to be attached to (H)aii. P. 157f.: The author takes an agnostic view of the exact form of the family name of the men presented here, calling them "Mamiliani/Mamilieni". However, in the inscription which still exists, EDR072816, the name is Mamilienus, and also in the inscription now lost, CIL X 4755, where most copies have the erroneous reading Mamilianus, one of the early copies, that of Sirmondus, has, as reported in the apparatus in CIL, the reading Mamilienus. I think this pretty much settles the question of the name. P. 208: I find it hard to believe that a man calling himself L. Clodius L. f. Pollio Iustus in AE 2008, 415 would be identical with a man who calls himself simply L. Clodius L. f. Pollio in AE 1910, 203. I would thus prefer to consider the two as two different men. As mentioned above, the second part is devoted to the analysis of the material collected in part one. The material is studied from so many angles that it does not seem of any use to offer a de-tailed description of the contents of this part, especially as many of the sections at least in part have the form of simple lists (e.g., that of the known wives of the equestrians on p. 291ff. or that of the curatores rei publicae on p. 341f.). In any case, Ch. I in this part (p. 279ff.) is devoted to the families and the social relations of the knights, Ch. II (p. 304ff.) to their careers, with separate subchapters on military careers (with sections on the holders of militiae, the tribunes of the units stationed in Rome, etc.), prefects and procurators, iudices, praefecti castrorum (with a useful discussion of the nature of this office in general on p. 327ff. –), equestrian priesthoods, equestrian titles and denominations (eques Romanus, vir egregius, etc.), curatores rei publicae. This chapter is concluded by lists of 231De novis libris iudiciathe military units (alae, cohortes, legiones) commanded by the equestrians from S. Italy. Ch. III (p. 349ff.) deals with municipals careers and the "rapporti con le città d'origine" (with lists of various patrons and activities – building, offering of games, etc. – coming under the heading "evergetism"; there is also a section on "munificenza nota da espressioni encomiastiche" (p. 381f., with a list of phrases of the type ob munificentiam, ob amorem, etc.). In chapter IV, the closing chapter (p. 383ff.), the author analyzes land ownership and economic activities attested for the equestrians from the regions under discussion; the chapter also contains a section on grand funerary monuments situated in the countryside (p. 389). This part of the book, too, strikes me as being of a very solid quality.The whole is concluded by more than 30 pages of very detailed indexes and (as mentioned above) by more than 40 pages of photos of inscriptions; this is a fine book which will be of great service not only to scholars dealing just with S. Italy but also researchers dealing with the Roman world in general. Olli Salomies Francesco Grelle – Marina Silvestrini: La Puglia nel mondo romano. Storia di una periferia dalle guerre sannitiche alla guerra sociale. Collana Pragmateiai. Edipuglia, Bari 2013. ISBN 978-88-7228-705-7 (hb). 296 pp, 8 maps. EUR 45.The modern region of Apulia covers two-thirds of the territory of the regio secunda of the Augus-tan administrative organization of Italy. The regio was later to be named Apulia et Calabria. The arrangement unified under the same administrative unit different geographical areas inhabited by populations who did not share the same ethnic background, such as the Iapygians, the Messapians and the Greeks of Tarentum. In this book, Grelle and Silvestrini follow and analyse the long process which brought the modern region of Apulia into the Roman state, from the Samnite Wars until the Social War. The work is divided into four chapters, following chronologically the history of the region during this time span. In the first chapter the authors treat the Roman expansion through the Tavoliere plain in the lands of the Iapygian Daunians and Peucetians, the former inhabiting the area of the modern province of Foggia, the latter the area around modern Bari. Despite having to rely on sometimes inaccurate information handed down by ancient written sources such as Livy, the authors point to the foundation of the Latin colony of Luceria in 314 BCE as a decisive moment for the beginning of Roman control in the Tavoliere plain. Luceria was also strategically important from an anti-Samnite point of view, since it was located on the road from Daunia to Samnium. In this chapter, the authors also offer a description of Daunian society, exploiting archaeological, epigraphic and literary mate-rial. From this discussion it becomes evident that "…nella seconda metà del quarto secolo, all'avvio della penetrazione romana in Puglia, fosse oramai piuttosto diffuso presso i Dauni lo sviluppo di modalità insediative e organizzative protourbane, più o meno complesse" (p. 19). The authors also extensively treat the role of the polis of Tarentum, which sought hegemony in southern Italy, but was torn between hostilities towards Iapygians, Lucanians and Bruttii and the suspicion and fear of the increasing role of Rome in the region. 

Antonella De Carlo: Il ceto equestre di Campania, Apulia et Calabria, Lucania et Bruttii dalla tarda Repubblica al IV secolo (2 voll.). Vetera 19. Edizioni Quasar, Roma 2015. [Book review]

Antonella De Carlo: Il ceto equestre di Campania, Apulia et Calabria, Lucania et Bruttii dalla tarda Repubblica al IV secolo (2 voll.). Vetera 19. Edizioni Quasar, Roma 2015. [Book review]

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