The specific parasite of Lactuca (Compositae) described in 2005
from the Iberian Peninsula as Phelipanche inexspectata (Orobanchaceae) and
known so far in northeastern Spain and southern France, is shown to also occur in
mountain areas of northern Africa, where it had been previously described under the
neglected name Phelipanche cernua. Given the recent proposal to consider the
aforementioned Lactuca parasite a mere variant of Phelipanche schultzii, we stress
the neat differences between both species

Carlón Ruiz, Luis

Laínz Gallo, Manuel

Moreno Moral, Gonzalo

Sánchez Pedraja, Oscar

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Phelipanche cernua Pomel (Orobanchaceae), a prioritary name for the western mediterranean species recently redescribed as Ph. inexpectata

Repositori d'Objectes Digitals per a l'Ensenyament la Recerca i la Cultura

Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 75 PHELIPANCHE CERNUA POMEL (OROBANCHACEAE), A PRIORITARY NAME FOR THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN SPECIES RECENTLY REDESCRIBED AS PH. INEXSPECTATA  Luis CARLÓN RUIZ1, Manuel LAÍNZ GALLO2, Gonzalo MORENO MORAL3 & Óscar SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA4  1 Jardín Botánico Atlántico, Avda. del Jardín Botánico 2230. E-33394 Gijón (Asturias). lcarlon@hotmail.com 2 Colegio de la Inmaculada, Avda. Hermanos Felgueroso, 25. E-33205 Gijón (Asturias). mlainzg@yahoo.es 3 Santa Clara, 9-1º dcha. E-39001 Santander (Cantabria). xclctb@aemet.es 4 E-39722 Liérganes (Cantabria). osanchez@farmalierganes.com    ABSTRACT: The specific parasite of Lactuca (Compositae) described in 2005 from the Iberian Peninsula as Phelipanche inexspectata (Orobanchaceae) and known so far in northeastern Spain and southern France, is shown to also occur in mountain areas of northern Africa, where it had been previously described under the neglected name Phelipanche cernua. Given the recent proposal to consider the aforementioned Lactuca parasite a mere variant of Phelipanche schultzii, we stress the neat differences between both species. Key words: Phelipanche inexspectata, Ph. cernua, Ph. schultzii, holoparasitic Orobanchaceae, Lactuca, Algeria, France, Morocco, Spain.  RESUMEN: Phelipanche cernua Pomel (Orobanchaceae), un nombre priori-tario para la especie del Mediterráneo Occidental recientemente descrita como Ph. inexspectata. Se dan pruebas de que la parásita específica de Lactuca (Compo-sitae) descrita en 2005 de la Península Ibérica como Phelipanche inexspectata (Orobanchaceae), y conocida hasta ahora del noreste de España y el sur de Francia, alcanza las montañas del norte de África, de las que ya había sido descrita bajo el nombre Phelipanche cernua. Dada la reciente afirmación de que dicha parásita de Lactuca es una mera variante de Phelipanche schultzii, recalcamos las netas diferen-cias entre ambas especies. Palabras clave: Phelipanche cernua, Ph. inexspectata, Ph. schultzii, Orobanchaceae holoparásitas, Lactuca, Argelia, España, Francia, Ma-rruecos.    In 2005, having given up identifying it with any of the taxa admitted by BECK (1890; 1930), we decided to publish under the name Phelipanche inexspectata a pa-rasite of Lactuca (Compositae, Cicho-rieae) readily distinguished by the follo-wing features: ± ashy blue plants with greyish pale blue, somewhat humped and ± geniculate corollae; yellow stigma; lon-gly triangular but not distally filiform ca-lyx teeth; usually lax inflorescence in the upper half of firm stems with few and short if any branches (CARLÓN & al., 2005 a: 12). By the time of its description, the plant was known from several localities throug-hout the northeastern quarter of Spain, from the provinces of León and Madrid to the coasts of Catalonia. Further field and herbarium surveys and data provided by Phelipanche cernua, a prioritary name for Ph. inexpectata  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 76French colleagues allowed us to greatly in-crease the known range of the species, which has resulted to be widespread in southern France (CARLÓN & al., 2008: 31-35). As we will summarise here, evidence has now arisen for its occurrence in North Africa, and with it a major nomenclatural discovery: the species had been validly published and named from Algerian ma-terial already in 1874. The type specimen of Phelipanche cernua (Algeria, Tlemcen, “G[har] Rouban”, A. Pomel, Herb. Maire, MP U008206, fig. 1) is in full accordance with inexspectata both in its overall appearan-ce and in its preserved morphological de-tails, and nothing in Pomel’s description is unappliable to the latter. In addition, the host presumed by Pomel (“Sur Chicora-cées?”) strengthen the taxonomic identity between the Algerian plant and the well known Spanish and French Lactuca para-site. BATTANDIER (1890: 658) compared Pomel’s type specimen with that of “Oro-banche fraasii” and concluded that both were conspecific. Consequently, Maire la-belled Pomel’s type specimen as “Oro-banche lavandulacea Rchb. ssp. Fraasii (Walp.) Batt.”. However, and although we haven’t seen its type, judging by F. W. Schultz’s protologue in Flora 26: 127-128 (1843) [“calyce (...) dentibus e lata basi lanceolatis, acutis; corolla calyce triplo longiore, tubulosa, subhorizontaliter pa-tente (...) In Psoralea bituminosa”], fraasi is likely a mere synonym of typical Ph. lavandulacea, in which case Battandier’s synonymization can be straight away dis-carded: unlike Pomel’s specimen, lavan-dulacea is an Aspalthium bituminosum parasite with usually stouter, hairier and much more branched stems, deep blue and very slightly curved flowers and short, abruptly subulate calyx teeth (CARLÓN & al., 2008: 85, 92). BECK (1890: 70; 1930: 92), on his part, considered Ph. cernua as a mere variation of Ph. nana with particu-larly curved flowers; but it suffices to compare with the type of nana the long triangular calyx teeth and the robust stem of Pomel’s specimen to grasp the incon-sistency of this judgment. The incompleteness of Pomel’s des-cription and the limitations imposed by the study of dry material prevented us from checking if some of the most charac-acteristic traits of the European plant, particularly the yellow stigma, are shared by their African putative relatives. But some color pictures recently taken in the Moroccan Middle Atlas by J. Quiles (who has been kind enough to allow us to pub-lish one of them as fig. 3) show beyond any doubt that plants conspecific with Ph. inexspectata occur in North Africa, and confirm a piece of evidence that, already found in 2007, caution prevented us from publishing until utter proof could be gathered: a specimen in Maire’s herbar-ium in MPU [Algeria, Atlas de Blida, 1-VI-1913, R. Maire (sub “Phelipaea aff. lavandulacea”)] is readily referable to the European Lactuca parasite —only the host indication (“sur Picridium vulgare”) casting some doubts, though it’s true that neither a misidentification of a maybe flowerless host nor wider parasitic abili-ties of the species within Cichorieae can be dismissed.  Phelipanche cernua Pomel in Bull. Soc. Climatol. Alger 11: 105 (1874) = Ph. inexspectata Carlón, G. Gómez, M. Laínz, Moreno Mor., Ó. Sánchez & Schneew. in Documen-tos Jard. Bot. Atlántico (Gijón) 3: 12[-17], 14 t. 2 [illustration with analysis], 16 t. 3 [phot.], 60 f. 3 [ITS analysis] (2005 [June 2005]) – Orobanche lavandulacea auct., non Rchb., Icono-gr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 48, t. 697 (1829)] (cf., v. gr., Battandier, 1890: 43-44) – O. fraasii auct., non F.W. Schultz, Flora 26: 127 (1843 [28 Febr. 1843]) (cf., v. gr., Maire in sched. et Battandier, 1890: 44) Ind. loc.: “Sur Chicoracées? Garrouban [Mounts of Ghar-Rouban, 34º 36' N, 1º 46' W, province of Tlemcen (which under the French domain made part of the Oran department), Alge-ria]”. Holotype (Rec. 9A.4 in Vienna Code, un-changed in the coming Melbourne ICN): A) L. CARLÓN, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL & Ó. SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 77“Phelybanche cernua Pom / G. Rouban [m. Pomel]”; A) “Université d Alger / Herbier de l'Afrique du Nord / Orobanche lavandulacea Rchb. / ssp. Fraasii (Walp.) / = Phelipaea Fraasii Walp. / = Phelipaea cernua Pomel! (Type!) / O[ran]. Ghar Rouban / leg. A. Pomel [m. Maire]” (MPU 008206 - hb. Pomel [the sheet contains only one specimen]) Those authors who still refuse to ad-mit Phelipanche as a separate genus would have to coin a nomen novum under Oro-banche in order to preclude homonymy with Orobanche cernua L. in Loefl., Iter Hispan.: 152 (1758). However, the main ad-vocates of a wide concept of Orobanche don’t seem eager to validate this necessa-ry substitutive name, specially if they agree with us for once and accept that the types of Ph. cernua and Ph. inexspectata are conspecific. The reason is that they consider the latter to be a mere synonym of “Orobanche schultzii” (DOMINA & RAAB-STRAUBE, 2009), a serious miscon-ception that the following key and fig. 5 attempt to debunk.  ► Calyx teeth longer than the tube but never prolonged in a capillaceous tip and much shorter than the corolla, which is uniformly pale greyish blue and has convergent and entire lower lip lobes; stigma ± yellow; non-stout plants with never too dense and often noticeably lax inflorescences ……………… …………………….…... Phelipanche cernua ► Calyx teeth much longer than the tube and prolonged in a capillaceous tip that may al-most equal the corolla, which is purple with distinctly darker veins and has divergent and neatly toothed or apiculated lower lip lobes; stigma white, seldom creamy; stout and often remarkably tall plants with long crowded inflorescences ……..… Phelipanche schultzii  In addition to all these morphological traits, both species display neat differ-ences in their ecology and distribution. Ph. cernua, as shown in fig. 6, doesn’t avoid comparatively cool regions around the western Mediterranean, occurring mo-re frequently in continentalized mountain areas, and is always parasitic on Cicho-rieae, mainly if not only Lactuca viminea and L. perennis; whereas Ph. schultzii is a more thermophilous species widespread in warm lowlands around the southern half of the Mediterranean Basin (signifi-cantly unfound in France) and very rare in inland and mountain areas. Although many species belonging to different fami-lies have been cited as hosts for the latter, starting from the uncertain statement in Mutel’s protologue [“parmi des Legumineu-ses, probablement sur le Scorpiure rude”], such indications must be attributed to erroneous identifications of the parasite, its host or both. Actually, when the haus-toria are digged out a much sounder host specificity arises, and tall Apiaceae of the genera Distichoselinum, Elaeoselinum, Ferula and Thapsia are to be considered the true hosts of the species.  REFERENCES  BATTANDIER, J.A. (1890) Orobanchées Jussieu. In J.A. BATTANDIER & L.C. TRABUT (1888-1897) Flore de l'Algerie. Vol. 1: 655-664. Alger & Paris. BECK, G. (1890) Monographie der Gattung Orobanche. Biblioth. Bot. 19. T. Fischer. Kassel. BECK, G. (1930) IV. 261. Orobanchaceae. In A. Engler (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich. Regni Vegetabili Conspectus. IV. 261: 1-348. W. Engelmann. Leipzig. CARLÓN, L., G. GÓMEZ CASARES, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL, Ó. SÁN-CHEZ PEDRAJA & G.M. SCHNEEWEISS (2005a) Más, a propósito de algunas Oro-banche L. y Phelipanche Pomel (Oroban-chaceae) del oeste del Paleártico. Docum. Jard. Bot. Atlántico 3: 1-71. CARLÓN, L., G. GÓMEZ CASARES, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL, Ó. SÁN-CHEZ PEDRAJA & G.M. SCHNEEWEISS (2005b, continuously updated) Index of Orobanchaceae, http://www.farmalierga-nes.com/otrospdf/publica/orobanchaceae%20index.htm. (accessed 13-XII-2012). CARLÓN, L., G. GÓMEZ CASARES, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL, Ó. SÁN-CHEZ PEDRAJA & G.M. SCHNEEWEISS Phelipanche cernua, a prioritary name for Ph. inexpectata  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 78(2008) Más, a propósito de algunas Pheli-panche Pomel, Boulardia F.W. Schultz y Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) del oeste del Paleártico. Docum. Jard. Bot. Atlántico 6: 1-128. DOMINA, G. & E. RAAB-STRAUBE (2010) Orobanche schultzii. Orobanchaceae. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information re-source for Euro-Mediterranean plant diver-sity. ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/P TaxonDetail.asp?NameId=26170&PTRefFk=7500000 (accessed 21 November 2012).  (Recibido: 16-I-2013. Aceptado: 30-I-2013)   Fig. 1.- Type of Phelipanche cernua Pomel, preserved in MPU-Maire (MPU008206). L. CARLÓN, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL & Ó. SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 79 Fig. 2.- Phelipanche cernua Pomel: Spain, Region of Aragón, province of Teruel, 40º 25’ 46’’ N  1º 24’ 59’’ W, by the remains of Santa Croche’s Castle –municipality of Albarracín–, stony road-sides by Lactuca sp., 1100 m, 4-VI-2007, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0080/2007 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 12907).  Phelipanche cernua, a prioritary name for Ph. inexpectata  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 80  Fig. 3.- Phelipanche cernua Pomel: Morocco, Region of Meknès-Tafilalet, province of Khénifra, 32º 58’ 09,60’’ N  5º 03’ 30,70’’ W, 3 km south of the Col du Zad –near Ait Oufella–, Cedrus atlantica woodland, 1960 m, 12-VI-2011, J. Quiles Hoyo phot.  L. CARLÓN, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL & Ó. SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 81  Fig. 4.- Phelipanche cernua Pomel. Photograph in vivo of the plants in the fig. 2, by G. Moreno Moral.    Phelipanche cernua, a prioritary name for Ph. inexpectata  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 82   Fig. 5.- Lateral views of calyx and corolla. A. close-up of the type of Phelipanche cernua (see fig. 1). B. close-up of the type of Phelipanche schultzii: Annaba, Algeria [herb. Mutel, MHNGr. 1849 (GRM)]. C. Ph. cernua from San Martín de Ubierna (Burgos, Spain) 42º 28’ 39’’ N 3º 41’ 38’’ W, 918 m, parasitic on Lactuca viminea (L.) J. & C. Presl in limestone and grassy slopes, Ó. Sánchez Pedraja & M. Tapia Bon SP0035/2007, 23-VI- 2007 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 12919). D. Ph. schultzii from the bed of the stream Breña (near Alhaurín de la Torre, Málaga, Spain), 36º 38’ 53’’ N 4º 10,67 m 41’’ W, 250 m, parasitic on Distichoselinum tenuifolium (Lag.) García Martín & Silvestre, G. Gómez Casares & G. Moreno Moral MM0060/2004, 12-IV-2004 (herb. Sánchez Pedraja 11774). The graphic scale is strictly referable only to the two lower pictures.   A C D B L. CARLÓN, M. LAÍNZ, G. MORENO MORAL & Ó. SÁNCHEZ PEDRAJA  Flora Montiberica 54: 75-83 (10-V-2013). ISSN: 1998-799X 83 Fig. 6.- Currently known distribution of Phelipanche cernua, based on the data compiled in the on-line index developed by Ó. Sánchez Pedraja (CARLÓN & al., 2005b onwards) plus the three African localities cited in the text and the northernmost French locality (Limagnes, Puy-de-Dôme), kindly communicated by Christophe Hennequin. Prospecting efforts are obviously biased, and dots are concentrated in northern Spain and southern France likely as a result of our own place of resi-dence, our thorough review of MPU materials and our fluent communication with French bota-nists.  

Phelipanche cernua Pomel (Orobanchaceae), a prioritary name for the western mediterranean species recently redescribed as Ph. inexpectata

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Repositori d'Objectes Digitals per a l'Ensenyament la Recerca i la Cultura