Carvalho, M.F.

Castro, Paula M. L.

Gonçalves, V.

Maia, A.

Maranhão, C.

Ribeiro, A.R.

Soares, M.T.

Tiritan, M.E.

English

Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa

BIODEGRADATION OF WATER EMERGING PHARMACEUTICAL CONTAMINANTS BY TWO MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FROM DIFFERENT ORIGINSM. F. Carvalho1, A. R. Ribeiro1,2, V. Gonçalves2, A. Maia2, C. Maranhão2, M.T. Soares2, M. E. Tiritan2,3 and P. M. L. Castro11Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal2Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS), ISCS-N, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal3Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4050-047 Porto, PortugalINTRODUCTIONRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSEXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe advances in organic synthesis and the intensive use of pharmaceuticals have led to the introduction of numerous of these compounds in the environment, whose susceptibilities to biotreatment processes are unknown. Pharmaceuticals can reach the environment through excretion in the original chemical structure or as metabolites and through improper elimination or disposal (Corcoran et al., 2010). Their occurrence, especially in aquatic environments, is of great concern because of their potential to cause ecosystem alteration (Santos et al., 2010). Currently, the conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not designed and operated to remove pharmaceuticals. As a result, residues of these compounds have been detected in aquatic ecosystems in low concentrations ranging from the ng/L up to the µg/L level (Kümmerer, 2009). In this context, the present work aimed to investigate the potential of two different microbial consortia to biodegrade five pharmaceuticals, belonging to three different therapeutic classes, commonly used and present in wastewaters: the antibiotics - trimethoprim(TMP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ciprofloxacine (CPF), the anti-epileptic - carbamazepine(CBZ) and the anti-inflammatory – diclofenac (DCF) (Fig. 1).M.F. Carvalho and A.R. Ribeiro wish to acknowledge research grants from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal (SFRH/BPD/44670/2008 and SFRH/BD/64999/2009, respectively) and Fundo Social Europeu (FSE), Programa Operacional Potencial Humano (POPH), Quadro de Referência Estratégico Nacional (QREN) and MCTES. This work was supported by CESPU (09-GCQF-CICS-09). This work is funded through national funds from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under the project FluoroPharma - PTDC/EBB-EBI/111699/2009. The authors thank to Maria Teresa Soares and Cristina Maranhão for their collaboration. REFERENCESCorcoran J., Winter M.J., Tyler C.R. (2010). Pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: A critical review of the evidence for health effects in fish. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 40 (4):287-304.Santos L.H.M.L.M., Araújo A.N., Fachini A., Pena A., Delerue-Matos C., Montenegro M.C.B.S.M. (2010). Ecotoxicological aspects related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. J. Hazard. Mater. 175 (1-3): 45-95.Kümmerer K. (2009). The presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment due to human use - present knowledge and future challenges. J. Environ. Manag. 90 (8): 2354-2366. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.023.NNNH2NH2OOONH2SNHOOONNHNFNOOHONO NH2ClNHOHOClTrimethoprim (TMP) Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Ciprofloxacin(CPF)Carbamazepine(CBZ)Diclofenac(DCF)Figure 1. Chemical structure of the studied pharmaceuticals.Experiments conducted in duplicate and in batch mode.Abiotic degradation assays performed by supplementing MM with a mixture containing 10 µg/mL of each pharmaceutical, without inoculation of any consortium. Activated sludge showed a significant capacity to degrade SMX and some capacity to degrade the others pharmaceuticals tested, with removal efficiency values always higher than 30%.Acetate showed to not have a strong influence in the pharmaceuticals biodegradation pattern by both consortia.25 μg/ml of the target pharmaceutical supplied individuallyCultures incubated at 100 rpm at 25ºC, for two weeksCentrifuged at 14000 rpm for 5 minAnalysis of the supernatant by HPLC-DADFigure 2. Schematic representation of biodegradation assays .Figure 3. Biodegradation pattern of the target pharmaceuticals by activated sludge (CAS) and the FB degrading consortium (CFB).The FB degrading consortium was only able to slightly remove CPF and CBZ. Biodegradation assays conducted with two different microbial consortia: activated sludge obtained from a WWTP (Parada, Portugal) and one microbial consortium capable to degrade recalcitrant compounds, such as fluorobenzene (FB).None of the tested consortia was able to completely degrade the target pharmaceuticals.

Biodegradation of water emerging pharmaceutical contaminants by two microbial consortia from different origins

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Biodegradation of water emerging pharmaceutical contaminants by two microbial consortia from different origins

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