Ponencia invitada por la Exposición Universal de Milán para una jornada sobre la mejora de la sostenibilidad de la producción animal, la salud y el bienestar.  Las conclusiones servirán como recomendaciones para las futuras políticas de la Unión Europea en la materi

Bernués Jal, Alberto

citaREA Repositorio Electrónico Agroalimentario

6/10/20151Alberto BernuésSustainability analysis and life cycle assessment of animal production:quantifying multifunctionality by means of ecosystem services 1. Intro: multifunctional agriculture2. Sustainability and carbon footprint of sheep in the Mediterranean3. Valuing ecosystem servicesa) Socio-cultural valueb) Economic value4. Final remarksOutline6/10/201521. Multifunctionality agricultureDefinitionMultifunctionality is a systems oriented concept. It addresses the fact that in addition to the provision of private goods like food and fibre, agriculture also provides a set of public goods.Multifunctional agriculturePrivate goodsAnimal productsPublic goods and servicesConservation of biodiversity Maintenance of cultural landscapePrevention of hazards: forest fires (Med.) Etc.6/10/20153different farming systems render different ecosystem services/ public goodsMATERIAL & METHODSMONITORED FARMSMeat producersMeat producersBasqueCountryAragonCatalonia3 lambings/ 2 year1 lambing/ year5 lambings/ 3 yearRipoll-Bosch et al., (2011)2. Sustainability and carbon footprint of sheep in the Mediterranean1 lambing/ yearCheese makers6/10/20154trade-offs among sustainability pillars0%20%40%60%80%SocialEnvironmentalEconomic1L/1Y 3L/2Y 5L/3Y DintensificationRipoll-Bosch et al., Agric. Syst. (2012)carbon footprint and other functions: trade-offs within environmental pillarMultifunctional agriculturePrivate goodsAnimal productsPublic goods and servicesConservation of biodiversityMaintenance of cultural landscapePrevention of hazards: forest fires (Med.)Etc.• Non-marketable• Inherently linked to extensive livestock farming systems  IEEP (2009)19.519.5Zero grazing (5L/3Y)17.724.0Mixed (3L/2Y)13.925.9Grazing (1L/1Y)kg CO2-eq / kg LWkg CO2-eq / kg LWCorrectedNo allocation53.6 %Allocation100 %73.9 %Ripoll-Bosch et al., Agric. Syst. (2013)6/10/201553. Valuing ecosystem servicesEcosystem servicesdirect and indirect benefits people obtain from (agro)ecosystems1. Provisioning: products obtained from the ecosystem, i.e. food, timber, fiber, fresh water, etc. 2. Regulating: benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, i.e. regulation of climate, erosion prevention, water regulation, etc.3. Supporting: ecosystem services that are necessary for the maintenance of all other ecosystem services, i.e. primary production (photosynthesis), soil formation, nutrient cycling, water cycling, etc.4. Cultural: nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems, i.e. spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, recreation, aesthetic experience, etc.6/10/20156Ecosystem Services valuation• Different functional units• Different temporal and spatial scales• Different perceptions by society• No market price1. BIOPHYSICAL2. SOCIO-CULTURAL3. ECONOMICa) Socio-cultural valueBernués et al, PLOS ONE (2014)6/10/20157farmers other citizensFood qualityBiodiversityForest firesLandscapeTotal economic value (TEV): sum of output values (the values generated in the current state of the ecosystem, e.g., food production, climate regulation and recreational value) as well as insurance values, now and in the future.b) Economic value: measuring public goods? 6/10/20158Total Economic Value (TEV)less tangible, more difficult to measure• do not involve direct or indirect use of the ecosystem service, but reflect the satisfaction that individuals derive from the knowledge they exist (e.g. enjoyment of a beautiful landscape)• related to moral, religious of aesthetic properties of individuals • markets do not existNon-use value• Choice modelling Individuals are asked to choose their preferred alternative among several hypothetical land uses. Each scenario of land use is described by a number of attributes (e.g. vegetation cover, landscape fragmentation, biodiversity index, human activities, etc.). Individuals make trade-offs between the levels of the attributes describing the different alternatives in a choice set. • Underlying rational decision processStated preference methods6/10/20159Choice model for ESEconomic value of agro-ecosystems in GuaraWillingness to Pay (WTP) (€ person-1 year-1) and composition of the Total Economic Value Current level of support45€ person-1 year-1Bernués et al, PLOS ONE (2014)6/10/201510Willingness to Pay (WTP) (€ person-1 year-1) for ecosystem services in different policy scenarios1. animal agriculture can be multifunctional (delivery of public goods or ecosystem services), but not all farming systems are (eg. ecosystem disservices or negative externalities)2. there is need to objectively value “non-market” functions of animal agriculture and integrate public goods into evaluation frameworks (LCA) and policy design4. Final remarks6/10/201511Grazie!

Sustainability analysis and life cycle assessment of animal production: quantifying multifunctionality by means of ecosystem services

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Sustainability analysis and life cycle assessment of animal production: quantifying multifunctionality by means of ecosystem services

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citaREA Repositorio Electrónico Agroalimentario