Aragüés Lafarga, Ramón

citaREA Repositorio Electrónico Agroalimentario

R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 1Visit of Egyptian authoritiesto CITA-ZaragozaSummary of Priority Lines of the “Irrigation, Agronomy and the Environment” Research GroupRamón AragüésCITA-DGA; Head, Dept. Soils and Irrigation19 July 2011Research Group “Irrigation, Agronomy and the Environment”http://www.eead.csic.eshttp://www.cita-aragon.esUnidad de Suelos y RiegosCentro de Investigación y  Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Diputación General de AragónGrupo de Riego, Agronomía y Medio AmbienteDepartamento de Suelo y Agua, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, CSICZaragoza (Spain)July 2011R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 2Generate scientific and technological information in the “soil-water-crop-atmosphere” interface leading to more competitive, efficient and sustainable agricultural systems, with emphasis on irrigation, agronomy and the environment, and with a research-applied focus.General objective18Students53TOTAL19Technicians4Temporary researchers12Permanent researchersPersonnel – TotalYear 2011Largest group in Spain workingon irrigation and the environmentR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 377Dissemination activities93PhD and postgraduate courses47PhD and MSc thesis, Postgraduates10,2*PhD scholarships8*Personnel contracts3.9 M €Public and private funding95Congresses with proceedings32Books/book chapters61Non-SCI publications105SCI publicationsNºIndicators 2006-2010*Average/yearEducation and disseminationare two key strategies in our GroupR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 4Priority lines1- Sustainable use of water and soil resources2- Environmental impact of agricultural activities3- Crop agronomy1- Evapotranspiration and crop water requirements2- Diagnosis/improvement of on-farm irrigation systems and irrigation conveyance networks3- Diagnosis/support to collective irrigation management (Water Users Associations)4- Soil morphology, mapping and evaluationSustainable use of water and soil resourcesLine 1 of 3R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 51- Environmental impact of irrigation: soils2- Environmental impact of irrigation: waters3- Analysis of relevant habitats in agricultural areasEnvironmental impact of agricultural activitiesLine 2 of 31- Crop responses to abiotic stresses2- Optimization of water use3- Optimization of nitrogen fertilization4- Use of pig slurry as fertilizer5- Agronomic applications of remote sensing techniquesCrop agronomyLine 3 of 3R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 61- Monitoring of soil salinity.2- Impact of irrigation modernization on water conservation.3- Water quality studies at the source (irrigation) and sink (drainage) levels.Three examples of worksperformed in our Group-Example 1-Soil salinity: a world threat in arid and semiarid areasR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 7World salt-affected soils• 30% (70 m ha) of irrigated land is affected by salinity-sodicityworldwide.• Some 0.5 m ha irrigated land is salinized annually.WORLD SALT-AFFECTED SOILSSome examples of soil/water salinization(D. Hillel. Soil salinity: historical and contemporary perspectives. Int. Salinity Forum, Riverside (CA),2005. Abstracts: 235-240)1- Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates rivers). 2000 bc.2- India and Pakistan-Punjab region.3- The Aral sea disaster (central Asia).4- Egypt, after the construction of the Aswan dam in the late nineties.5- Dead sea. Its surface has decreased by 60% and its salinity hasincreased due to the diversion of the incoming Jordan and Yarmoukrivers.6- Central valley of California (USA). The Kesterson reservoir disaster. The Selenium disaster.7- Salton sea (south California). Endorreic depression receiving the saline drainage flows (3.6 dS/m) of Imperial valley irrigated agriculture.8- Australia- Increased dryland saline seeps due to native clearing.R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 8How to monitor soil salinity?Remote sensing techniquesElectromagnetic sensor vehicleDesign, development and applications of a mobile, georeferenced electromagnetic sensor for measuring soil salinity and other soil variables of interest in precision agricultureFieldcomputerGPSPVC sled withelectromagnetic sensor• Cost: 15000 € + tractor• Versatile, robust and ideal for mapping of soil variables (salinity in particular)R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 9Development of soil salinity maps based on sensor readings (ECa) and ECa-ECe calibrationsMorocco (Beni Amir)  Spain (Lerma)   Tunisia (Kalaât Landalous)  Turkey (Akarsu)   ECe-h(dS m-1)< 1.01.0 - 2.52.5 - 4.04.0 - 5.5> 5.5ECe-h(  m-1) ECe-h (dS m-1) ECe-h (dS m-1) ECe-h(dS m-1)< 0.330.33 - 0.400.40 - 0.470.47 - 0.54> 0.54ECe-h(  -1) The Inco-EU Qualiwater project (2005-2010): ECe maps obtainedin four irrigation districts in Morocco, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. Black points: ECa lecturesHow to monitor soil salinity?Remote sensing techniquesLandsat imagesR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 10y = 0,817 - 0,0007xR2 = 0,00; n = 432y = 1,068 - 0,0272xR2 = 0,698; n = 2200,00,20,40,60,81,00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34CEe dS/mNDVI (5-mayo-09)0,00,20,40,60,81,0MS FS MFSSalinidadNDVI medio (mayo-09)Soil salinity monitoring with Landsat images using the Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI)CEe (dS m-1)MS (8 < CEe = 16)FS (CEe > 16)LS (4 < CEe = 8)NS (CEe = 4)EMI mapNDVImay-090,860,23NDVI map(barley)EC , dS/m)Salinity (Medium-MS, high-FS, very high (MFS) -Example 2-Impact of irrigation modernization on water conservation (quantity and quality)R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 11Irrigation modernization is a key strategy within the Spanish Hydrological Plan (potential savings of 3000 hm3/year)Will it save water?Landsat 5TM satelliteimage (RGB431) ofSector XI IrrigationDistrict (surfaceirrigation, 3,405 ha) andLasesa IrrigationDistrict (sprinklerirrigation, 9,709 ha) in Riegos del Alto AragónIrrigationmodernization: effect on ETET will increase. Water will not be savedR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 12Irrigation modernization is a key strategy within the Spanish Hydrological PlanWill it conserve water quality?Irrigation modernization willconserve river water qualityRIVERModernized scenarioSprinkler-irrigatedD-IX Monegros districtReturnsV = 989 mmC = 28 mg NO3/LM = 83 Kg N/haV = 10.000 mmC = 5 mg NO3/LM = 150 Kg N/haV = 10.989 mmM = 233 Kg N/haC = 7.1 mg NO3/L(+42%)V = 10.048 mmM = 164 Kg N/haC = 5.4 mg NO3/L(+8%)Actual scenarioFlood-irrigatedLa Violada districtReturnsV = 48 mmC = 125 mg NO3/LM = 14 Kg N/haR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 13-Example 3-Water quality studies at the source (irrigation) and sink (drainage) levelsIrrigation water qualityCharacterization of the Ebro RiverBasin surface waters 01234560 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5CE (dS/m)RAS [(mmol/L)0.5 ]Sin uso importante en riegoRegadíos de la margen izquierda del río EbroRegadíos a lo largo del río EbroRegadíos de la margen derecha del río EbroSin problemas de infiltraciónProblemas serios de infiltraciónProblemas de infiltración entre bajos y moderadosRestricciones de salinidad sobre los cultivosentre bajas y moderadasSin restricciones de salinidad sobre los cultivosRAS [(mmol/L)0.5 ]No infiltrationproblemsLow tomoderateinfiltrationproblemsSevere infiltrationproblemsNo salinity restrictionsn cropsLow to m d rat li ity restricti ns oncrops• Leachingrequirements (LR) of crops must be added toirrigationrequirements.• LR depend onirrigation waterquality andsalinity toleranceof crops.R. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 14-Example 3-Water quality studies at the source (irrigation) and sink (drainage) levelsDrainage water qualityMonitoring Network of Irrigated Areasin the Ebro River Basin (ReCorEbro)(CHE-CITA agreements)################################################## ######## ################################### ################################## ############################################################### ## ##########################################Ambito cuencaRegadíos futurosRegadíosactualesCanal.shpAlcanadreenBallobarValcuernaenCandasnosClamorAmargaJalón enGrisénPeraltillaBarrancodelaVioladaenZueraArbaenTausteUrgellEmbalses actualesRios# Estacionesde aforos actuales0 50 100 kilómetrosNLEYENDABardenasVioladaRiegos Alto AragónAragón y CataluñaMonegros IIR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 15• Training• Technical and extension publications• Professional softwareDissemination activitiesDevelopment of an irrigation programming service in Aragón • Advice on crop water requirements for the main crops in AragónR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 16SIAR network with 43 agrometeorological stations in the main irrigated areas ofAragón (collaboration of MAPA and DGA).Network of agrometeorologicalstations in AragónMajor impacts of our works1- On Ebro River Basin Authority- ReCorEbro monitoring network.- Salinity and nitrate tendencies of major rivers- Appraisal of irrigation modernization on water conservation.2- On Aragon Ministry of Agriculture- Network of agrometeorological stations.- Irrigation programming service web page3- On Water User Associations- Ador software for the management of irrigation districts- Evaluation and improvement of irrigation systemsR. Aragüés, CITA-DGA, 19 July 2011 17Many thanks and our warm welcome to ZaragozaResearch Group “Irrigation, Agronomy and the Environment”

Summary of priority lines of the "Irrigation, agronomy and he environment" Research group

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Summary of priority lines of the "Irrigation, agronomy and he environment" Research group

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