Bucholz, Kathleen K

Heath, Andrew C

Knopik, Valerie S

Madden, Pamela A

Pergadia, Michele L

Digital Commons@Becker

Washington University School of MedicineDigital Commons@BeckerPosters 2003: Drinking and the High School Student2003Does prenatal exposure modify the response to firstuse of alcohol and tobacco?Valerie S. KnopikKathleen K. BucholzMichele L. PergadiaAndrew C. HeathPamela A. MaddenFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2003Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences CommonsThis Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the 2003: Drinking and the High School Student at Digital Commons@Becker. It has beenaccepted for inclusion in Posters by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contactengeszer@wustl.edu.Recommended CitationKnopik, Valerie S.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Pergadia, Michele L.; Heath, Andrew C.; and Madden, Pamela A., "Does prenatal exposuremodify the response to first use of alcohol and tobacco?" (2003). Posters. Paper 16 Samuel B. Guze Symposium on Alcoholism.http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2003/16Does prenatal exposure modify the response to first use of alcohol and tobacco?Valerie S. Knopik, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Michele L. Pergadia, Andrew C. Heath, and Pamela A.F. MaddenMissouri Alcoholism Research CenterDepartment of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MOSupported by NIH grants AA09022, AA11998, AA07728, AA0758OIntroductionPrevious research has found that maternal drinking during pregnancy is associated with drinking among female adolescent offspring (e.g., Griesler and Kandel, 1998) and that maternal smoking during pregnancy is significantly associated with with increased risk of child’s tobacco experimentation (Cornelius et al., 2000). However, little work has been done to investigate whether prenatal exposure to alcohol or tobacco by-products affects subjective responses to first drink or first cigarette use.Objectives• To explore the associations of maternal drinking and smoking during pregnancy with the following responses to first use of cigarettes:– enjoying first experience, liking the taste,coughing, getting a headache,feeling dizzy, feeling nauseous, andracing heartObjectives• To explore the associations of maternal drinking and smoking during pregnancy with the following responses to first use of alcohol:– enjoying first experience, flushing,feeling sleepy, getting a headache,feeling dizzy, feeling nauseous, andracing heart• Families with female like-sex twin pairs born July 1, 1975 – June 30, 1985 in the state of Missouri identified through Missouri birth records.• Data for the present analysis were obtained from both parental and twin pair telephone diagnostic interviews.• Parental smoking history was assessed by twin report at interview.• Parental alcohol dependence, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, and birth weight of the twins were assessed by parental self-report.Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (MOAFTS)Prenatal risk factors• Maternal drinking during pregnancy: – days of alcohol use – some heavy use: drinking at least 5-6 drinks on the days they typically drank and having 5 or more drinks in a single day ≤ 1 day/month– frequent heavy use: same as above but having 5 or more drinks in a single day at least 2-3 days/month• Maternal smoking during pregnancy: – during 1st trimester – beyond 1st trimester • Low birth weight: < 2500 g (5 lb, 8 oz)• Very low birth weight: < 1500 g (3 lb, 4 oz)Childhood/familial risk factors• Parental history of DSM-IV alcohol abuse (AA) or DSM-IV alcohol dependence (AD): assessed from parental self-report• Parental regular smoking: assessed from twin report– If mother or father is a current smoker? OR– If mother or father has quit smoking but used to smoke at least 1 or 2 days a week.Sample Information (N=2850 twins, N= 1425 families)Variable Mean Variable Percent of sampleAge 15.3 +/- 2.3 Very low birth weight (<1500g)4.8%Variable Percent of sampleMaternal smk: 1sttrimester only12.9%Maternal AD      (self report)4.7% Maternal smk: Beyond 1sttrimester20.7%Maternal AA(self report)8.9% Alc. use 1-10 days of pregnancy24.8%Paternal AD(maternal report)19.5% Alc. use 11-35 days of pregnancy2.8%Mother-regular smoker (twin rpt)36.9% Alc. use >35 days of pregnancy0.9%Father-regular smoker (twin rpt)39.0% Some heavy alc. use in pregnancy2.4%Low birth weight (<2500g)47.8% Frequent heavy alc. use in pregnancy1.0%Subjective response variables (N=2850 twins, N= 1425 families)Variable Percent of sample^ Variable Percent of sample#Enjoy smoking the first time17.3% Enjoy drinking  the first time76.1%Coughing--smoking69.5% Feeling flushed--drinking29.5%Feeling dizzy--smoking46.7% Feeling dizzy--drinking41.0%Headache--smoking25.3% Headache--drinking19.4%Racing heart--smoking20.9% Racing heart--drinking16.1%Nausea--smoking17.0% Stomach ache--drinking26.6%Enjoying the taste--smoking16.3% Feeling sleepy--drinking30.0%^ Among those who have tried cigarettes (N=1218 twins). # Among those who have had a full drink (N=1216 twins).Adolescent girls whose mothers reported frequent heavy drinking during pregnancy were no more likely to report reactions to first cigarette use.No maternal drinking during preg.Frequent heavy drinking during preg.ResponseVariables% % OR#(95% CI)Enjoy Overall17.5 25.0 1.64(0.54-5.02)Cough 70.9 80.0 1.66(0.64-4.30)Dizzy 46.7 70.0 2.51(0.89-7.11)Headache 26.5 40.0 1.49(0.62-3.58)Racing Heart 20.7 40.0 2.24(0.84-5.94)Nauseous 16.9 35.0 2.23(0.90-5.54)Enjoy taste 16.6 20.0 1.19(0.32-4.40)# Unadjusted odds ratios, among those who have tried cigarettes.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01Adolescent girls whose mothers reported smoking beyond the first trimester were more likely to report dizziness, headache, racing heart, and nausea in response to first cigarette use.No maternal smoking during preg.Smoking during the first trimesterSmoking beyond the first trimesterResponseVariables% % OR#(95% CI)% OR#(95% CI)Enjoy Overall17.5 15.9 0.86(0.53-1.40)17.8 0.99(0.69-1.41)Cough 69.1 67.7 0.95(0.64-1.40)71.3 1.16(0.85-1.58)Dizzy 44.2 47.7 1.10(0.74-1.63)51.7 1.35*(1.01-1.81)Headache 21.8 31.8 1.72**(1.14-2.59)29.6 1.56**(1.13-2.14)Racing Heart 17.1 22.4 1.35(0.85-2.14)28.2 1.91**(1.38-2.64)Nauseous 13.9 20.6 1.54(0.96-2.48)21.6 1.72**(1.21-2.45)Enjoy taste 15.2 16.5 1.09(0.66-1.81)18.6 1.19(0.82-1.72)# Unadjusted odds ratios, among those who have tried cigarettes.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01Adolescent girls whose mothers reported frequent drinking during pregnancy were more likely to report nausea in response tofirst use of alcohol.No maternal drinking during preg.Days of alc. use during pregnancy:> 35Frequent heavy drinking during pregnancyResponseVariables% % OR#(95% CI)% OR#(95% CI)Enjoy Overall 75.2 88.9 2.68(0.32-22.33)65.2 0.62(0.26-1.47)Flushing response29.8 44.4 1.81(0.67-4.87)39.1 1.34(0.57-3.19)Dizzy 40.6 66.7 3.08(0.88-10.78)52.2 1.83(0.78-4.35)Headache 20.2 38.9 2.37*(1.01-5.63)30.4 1.47(0.46-4.64)Racing Heart 17.4 22.2 1.28(0.34-4.82)17.4 0.94(0.24-3.80)Nauseous 27.6 16.7 0.48(0.10-2.21)60.9 3.41**(1.43-8.16)Feeling sleepy 30.2 44.4 1.73(0.47-6.37)34.8 1.07(0.38-3.01)# Unadjusted odds ratios, among those who have had a full drink.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01Adolescent girls whose mothers reported smoking beyond the first trimester were more likely to report racing heart, nausea, and feeling sleepy in response to first use of alcohol.No maternal smoking during preg.Smoking during the first trimesterSmoking beyond the first trimesterResponseVariables% % OR#(95% CI)% OR#(95% CI)Enjoy Overall77.5 77.4 1.00(0.67-1.52)73.2 0.80(0.57-1.11)Flushing response27.9 32.9 1.30(0.87-1.95)31.0 1.18(0.86-1.62)Dizzy 42.1 36.6 0.75(0.51-1.10)40.0 0.91(0.68-1.23)Headache 18.0 23.8 1.41(0.87-2.30)20.7 1.19(0.83-1.71)Racing Heart 14.4 15.2 1.10(0.66-1.83)20.7 1.57*(1.07-2.30)Nauseous 23.3 32.3 1.48(0.95-2.31)31.0 1.50**(1.09-2.10)Feeling sleepy27.5 33.5 1.35(0.89-2.05)34.2 1.39*(1.01-1.92)# Unadjusted odds ratios among those who have had a full drink.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01After adjustment for childhood and familial risk factors, girls whose mothers reported frequent heavy alcohol use during pregnancy were no more likely to report any subjective reactions in response to first cigarette use.Frequent heavy drinking during pregnancyResponseVariablesAdjusted OR(95% CI)Significant CovariatesEnjoy Overall 1.96(0.63-6.11)Cough 1.86(0.62-5.65)Dizzy 1.75(0.59-5.16)Paternal alcohol dependence, Maternal regular smokingHeadache 1.30(0.55-3.08)Maternal smoking during pregnancyRacing Heart 2.18(0.69-6.92)Nauseous 2.27(0.82-6.28)Enjoy taste 1.47(0.41-5.22)Drinking >35 days during pregnancyAmong those who have tried cigarettes.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01After adjustment for childhood and familial risk factors, children whose mothers smoked during the first trimester were more likely to report headache in response to first cigarette use.Smoking during first trimesterSmoking beyond first trimesterResponseVariablesAdjusted OR(95% CI)Adjusted OR(95% CI)Significant CovariatesEnjoy Overall 0.73(0.42-1.29)0.81(0.50-1.31)Cough 0.80(0.51-1.27)0.94(0.62-1.42)Dizzy 0.76(0.49-1.18)0.84(0.57-1.22)Paternal alcohol dependence, Maternal regular smokingHeadache 1.65*(1.04-2.60)1.45(0.97-2.17)Racing Heart 1.11(0.67-1.84)1.48(0.96-2.26)Nauseous 1.11(0.66-1.87)1.21(0.76-1.91)Enjoy taste 1.03(0.59-1.78)1.17(0.74-1.86)Drinking >35 days during pregnancyAmong those who have tried cigarettes.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01After covariate adjustment, children whose mothers reported frequent drinking during pregnancy were more likely to report dizziness, headache, and nausea in response to first use of alcohol.Days of alc. use during pregnancy: >35Frequent heavy drinking during pregnancyResponseVariablesAdjusted OR(95% CI)Adjusted OR(95% CI)Significant CovariatesEnjoy Overall 2.74(0.33-22.91)0.49(0.21-1.16)Paternal regular smokingFlushing response2.05(0.77-5.48)1.45(0.58-3.63)Paternal regular smokingDizzy 3.84*(1.06-13.94)1.80(0.65-4.96)Maternal regular smoking, Paternal regular smoking, Drinking 11-35 days during pregnancyHeadache 2.51*(1.02-6.16)1.16(0.34-3.97)Racing Heart 1.37(0.36-5.16)1.09(0.24-5.03)Nauseous 0.54(0.12-2.47)3.68**(1.67-8.12)Feeling sleepy 1.97(0.57-6.85)1.17(0.38-3.59)Maternal regular smokingAmong those who have had a full drink of alcohol.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01After covariate adjustment, children whose mothers reported smoking during pregnancy were no more likely to report any subjective reactions in response to first use of alcohol.Smoking during first trimesterSmoking beyond first trimesterResponseVariablesAdjusted OR(95% CI)Adjusted OR(95% CI)Significant CovariatesEnjoy Overall 1.04(0.64-1.69)0.73(0.48-1.13)Paternal regular smokingFlushing response1.12(0.72-1.75)0.95(0.63-1.43)Paternal regular smokingDizzy 0.53(0.34-0.82)0.60(0.41-0.90)Maternal regular smoking, Paternal regular smoking, Drinking 11-35 days during pregnancyHeadache 1.46(0.87-2.44)1.13(0.73-1.75)Racing Heart 0.96(0.54-1.71)1.25(0.76-2.04)Nauseous 1.22(0.76-1.96)1.18(0.79-1.77)Feeling sleepy 1.11(0.70-1.75)1.05(0.69-1.59)Maternal regular smokingAmong those who have had a full drink of alcohol.  * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01Conclusions• After adjusting for childhood risk factors, among those who have tried cigarettes, most of the associations between prenatal exposure variables and subjective response to first cigarette use were no longer found to be significant, suggesting potential confounding effects of paternal alcoholism and maternal regular smoking.• Among those who have had a full drink of alcohol, a similar pattern was seen for maternal smoking during pregnancy and subjective response to first use of alcohol; however, prenatal exposure to alcohol remained a significant predictor of nausea and headache in response to first use of alcohol.ReferencesCornelius MD, Leech SL, Goldschmidt L, Day NL:  Prenatal tobacco exposure:  Is it a risk factor for early tobacco experimentation?  Nicotine and Tobacco Research 2000; 2(1):  45-52.Griesler PA and Kandel DB:  The impact of maternal drinking during and after pregnancy on the drinking of adolescent offspring.  Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1998; 59(3):  292-304.

Does prenatal exposure modify the response to first use of alcohol and tobacco?

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Does prenatal exposure modify the response to first use of alcohol and tobacco?

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