Bucholz, Kathleen K

Grant, Julia D

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Washington University School of MedicineDigital Commons@BeckerPosters 2004: Alcoholism and the Latest Genetics andNeuroscience Findings2004Do genetic influences on abuse and dependenceoverlap? Explorations using cannabis and alcoholdiagnosesJulia D. GrantWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisKathleen K. BucholzWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2004Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences CommonsThis Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the 2004: Alcoholism and the Latest Genetics and Neuroscience Findings at DigitalCommons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Posters by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information,please contact engeszer@wustl.edu.Recommended CitationGrant, Julia D. and Bucholz, Kathleen K., "Do genetic influences on abuse and dependence overlap? Explorations using cannabis andalcohol diagnoses" (2004). Posters. Paper 5 Samuel B. Guze Symposium on Alcoholism.http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2004/5Do genetic influences on abuse and dependence overlap?  Explorations using cannabis and alcohol diagnoses.Julia D. Grant and Kathleen K. BucholzWashington University School of MedicineSupported  by NIH grants: DA14632, DA14363, AA11998ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONSample• The Vietnam Era Twin Study Registry (VETS) is a national registry of male-male twin pairs in which both individuals were in the military during the Vietnam-era• 8,169 individuals completed a telephone diagnostic interview in 1992• 3537 complete twin pairs (MZ=1923, DZ=1529, unknown zygosity=85)• 1095 singletons (MZ=467, DZ=578, unknown zygosity=50)• Respondents with known zygosity were included in the present analysesSAMPLE, cont.Married 77%Widowed < 1%Separated 2%Divorced 13%Single 7%< High school 3%High school 31%Some college 26%Voc./Tech. degree 16%Bachelor’s degree 13%Some graduate work 4%Graduate degree 7%Marital StatusEducational LevelRaceCaucasian 94%African-American 6%Other < 1 %race and educational level were asked in 1987; marital status was asked in a 1992 interviewNOTE:MEASURES• Alcohol use:• Drinkers (at least once a month for 6+ months, or 5+ lifetime)• DSM-III-R abuse• DSM-III-R dependence• Cannabis use:• Ever tried• DSM-III-R abuse• DSM-III-R dependence• See Table 1 for percentages of respondents who have used the substances and the mean age of initiationTable 1% of sample (n=8169)Mean age of initiationDrinkers 91% (n=7440) 18.4 yrsAlcohol abuse ever (w/ or w/out depend.) 59% (n=4388) ---Alcohol abuse only (no depend.) 21% (n=1543) ---Alcohol dependence (w/ or w/out abuse) 39% (n=2916) ---Ever tried cannabis 48% (n=3884) 20.0 yrsCannabis abuse ever (w/ or w/out depend.) 26% (n=998) ---Cannabis abuse only (no depend.) 14% (n=531) ---Cannabis dependence (w/ or w/out abuse) 14% (n=540) ---ANALYSES• Bivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted separately for alcohol abuse/dependence and cannabis abuse/dependence• The variables included for each substance were:• Having ever had an abuse diagnosis • Having ever had a dependence diagnosis• The basic model is depicted in Figure 1• The significance of overlap between variables was tested by dropping the paths from A1, C1, and E1 to variable 2• The significance of influences specific to variable 2 was tested by dropping the paths A2, C2, and E2 to variable 2Figure 1A1 C1 E1 E2 C2 A2rArCrESubstance Abuse Substance DependenceA = additive genetic          C = shared environment          E = nonshared environmentBivariate ModelRESULTS• Alcohol abuse and dependence were best explained by a model that included additive genetic (A) and nonshared environmental (E) influences• Proportions of variance are shown in Table 2• Cannabis abuse and dependence were best explained by a model that included additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), and nonshared environmental (E) influences,• Proportions of variance are shown in Table 3• Note that the shared environmental parameter only reached statistical significance for cannabis dependenceTable 2Proportions of Variance for Alcohol* indicates p < .05Table 3Cannabis AbuseCannabis DependenceGenetic .32*(.03-.43).38*(.24-.52)Shared Environmental .06(.00-.31).14*(.0003-.37)Nonshared Environmental .62*(.51-.73).48*(.37-.60)Proportions of Variance for Cannabis* indicates p < .05RESULTS, cont.• For cannabis, correlations between genetic (and environmental) influences on abuse overlapped highly with those on dependence, with all correlations estimated at 0.75 or greater (see Table 5)Table 4Genetic and Environmental Correlations between alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence* indicates significant at p < .05(note that the confidence intervals for correlations can range from -1 to +1)Table 5Genetic 1.00*(0.77-1.00)Shared environmental 1.00*(0.01-1.00)Nonshared environmental 0.75*(0.68-0.83)Genetic and Environmental Correlations between cannabis abuse and cannabis dependence* indicates significant at p < .05(note that the confidence intervals for correlations can range from -1 to +1)CONCLUSIONSFigure 1A1 C1 E1 A2 C2 E2Substance Abuse Substance DependenceA = additive genetic          C = shared environment          E = nonshared environmentBivariate ModelTable 1% of sample (n=8169)Mean age of initiationDrinkers 91% (n=7440) 18.4 yrsAlcohol abuse ever (w/ or w/out depend.) 59% (n=4388) ---Alcohol abuse only (no depend.) 21% (n=1543) ---Alcohol dependence (w/ or w/out abuse) 39% (n=2916) ---Ever tried cannabis 48% (n=3884) 20.0 yrsCannabis abuse ever (w/ or w/out depend.) 26% (n=998) ---Cannabis abuse only (no depend.) 14% (n=531) ---Cannabis dependence (w/ or w/out abuse) 14% (n=540) ---

Do genetic influences on abuse and dependence overlap?  Explorations using cannabis and alcohol diagnoses

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Do genetic influences on abuse and dependence overlap? Explorations using cannabis and alcohol diagnoses

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