Dick, D. M

Kaprio, J.

Latendresse, S. J

Pulkkinen, L.

Rose, R. J

Viken, R. J

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Washington University School of MedicineDigital Commons@BeckerPosters 2007: Alcohol Use Across the Lifespan2007Intermediary mechanisms in the transmission ofalcohol use behaviors from parents to adolescents:Examining the role of parents’ socializationpracticesS. J. LatendresseWashington University in St LouisR. J. RoseIndiana University - BloomingtonR. J. VikenIndiana University - BloomingtonL. PulkkinenUniversity of JyvaskylaJ. KaprioUniversity of HelsinkiSee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2007Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences CommonsThis Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the 2007: Alcohol Use Across the Lifespan at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Posters by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact engeszer@wustl.edu.Recommended CitationLatendresse, S. J.; Rose, R. J.; Viken, R. J.; Pulkkinen, L.; Kaprio, J.; and Dick, D. M., "Intermediary mechanisms in the transmission ofalcohol use behaviors from parents to adolescents: Examining the role of parents’ socialization practices" (2007). Posters. Paper 3Samuel B. Guze Symposium on Alcoholism.http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2007/3AuthorsS. J. Latendresse, R. J. Rose, R. J. Viken, L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, and D. M. DickThis poster is available at Digital Commons@Becker: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2007/3Intermediary Mechanisms in the Transmission of Alcohol Use Behaviors from Parents to Adolescents: Examining the Role of Parents’ Socialization PracticesLatendresse, S.J.1, Rose, R.J.2, Viken, R.J. 2, Pulkkinen, L.3, Kaprio, J.4, & Dick, D.M. 11Washington University in St. Louis, 2Indiana University, 3University of Jyväskylä, 4University of HelsinkiBACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period with regard to the initiation and early escalation of alcohol use (Blum et al., 2000; Johnston, O’Malley, & Bachman, 1998). Research on familial risk and protective factors provides independent support for multiple domains of parental influence on adolescent drinking; including parents’ own drinking behaviors (Johnson & Johnson, 2001; Lieb et al., 2002), as well as the practices they employ to socialize their children (Ary et al., 1999; Fletcher & Jefferies, 1999; Nash, McQueen, & Bray, 2005;  Simons-Morton & Chen, 2005; Herman, Dornbusch, Herron, & Herting, 1997). Whether and how these distinct associations are related to one another is still not entirely clear.OBJECTIVES To test the nature of associations between: (a) parents’ frequencies of alcohol use and intoxication (b) adolescents’ perceptions distinct parenting behaviors (c) adolescents’ frequencies of alcohol use and intoxication To assess whether parental alcohol use behaviors influence adolescent alcohol use directly, or if they operate through indirect associations with parenting (i.e., globally and/or through specific dimensions of parenting)THEORETICAL MODELwarmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoringautonomygrantingParentalAlcohol UseAdolescentAlcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)a1a2a3a4a5a6b1b2b3b4b5b6c’METHODS Sample 4731 Finnish adolescents drawn from a population-based twin study of health related behaviors and correlated risk factors (i.e., FinnTwin12; Kaprio, Pulkkinen, & Rose, 2002) Procedure Self-report questionnaires were completed by adolescents and their parents when the adolescents were 12 years old.  Adolescents completed follow-up questionnaires at 14 and 17 years of age.METHODS Constructs Measured Maternal and Paternal baseline frequencies of alcohol use and intoxication Adolescent frequencies of alcohol use and intoxication at ages 14 and 17 Adolescents’ perceptions of parenting: Warmth Relational Tension Shared Activities Autonomy Granting Discipline Monitoring Analytic Plan Multiple Mediation Analysis carried out in Mplus version 4.1 (Muthén & Muthén, 1998-2006)RESULTS Across models, parents’ alcohol use behaviors consistently accounted for a significant variation in adolescents’ alcohol use behaviors, and appeared to account for increasingly more over time. Parental alcohol use behaviors had significant direct effects on adolescents’ alcohol use behaviors at ages 14, and were even stronger at age 17 (i.e., c ’ paths increased with age). Increases in parents’ drinking behaviors were associated with (i.e., a paths) : ↑ discipline, ↓ monitoring & shared activities – for both moms’ and dads’ use ↑ relational tension – for moms’ use only Little evidence of links with warmth and autonomy granting Increases in adolescents’ drinking behaviors were associated with (i.e., b paths) : ↓ monitoring – at ages 14 and 17 ↑ discipline – only at ages 17 ↓ warmth & shared activities – only for intoxication at age 14 ↑ relational tension & autonomy – only for intoxication at age 17RESULTS When examined collectively, multivariate path analyses indicated that associations between parents’ and adolescents’ alcohol-related behaviors were mediated by adolescents’ perceptions of the parenting that they received, though not in full. Parental monitoring and discipline had unique ability to mediate these associations, over and above the collective contributions of the other parenting behaviors.Mediation of Maternal Alcohol Usewarmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalAlcohol UseAge 14Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.01.05*-.12*.03.06*-.03*-.01.01-.01.01.01-.09*.05*Model R2 = .051Total Effect: .052, z = 8.25, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .005, z = 3.44, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .096warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalAlcohol UseAge 14IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.01.05*-.12*.03.06*-.03*-.02*.00-.01*.01.00-.07*.03*Model R2 = .057Total Effect: .037, z = 7.85, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .003, z = 2.85, p < .01Proportion of Effect Mediated = .081warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdiscipline*monitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalAlcohol UseAge 17Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.01.06*-.13*.04*.07*-.03*.00.01.01.01.03*-.05*.11*Model R2 = .085Total Effect: .109, z = 12.61, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .004, z = 2.43, p < .05Proportion of Effect Mediated = .037warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdiscipline*monitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalAlcohol UseAge 17IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.01.06*-.13*.04*.07*-.03*-.01.02.01.01.02*-.06*.07*Model R2 = .062Total Effect: .075, z = 9.82, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .004, z = 2.86, p < .01Proportion of Effect Mediated = .053Mediation of Maternal Intoxicationwarmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalIntoxicationAge 14Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.06.07*-.09*-.04.10*-.11*-.01.01-.01*.01.01-.08*.07*Model R2 = .049Total Effect: .084, z = 6.68, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .012, z = 4.76, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .143warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalIntoxicationAge 14IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.06.07*-.09-.04.10*-.11*-.01*.00-.01*.01.00-.06*.07*Model R2 = .065Total Effect: .077, z = 7.61, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .008, z = 4.18, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .104warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdiscipline*monitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalIntoxicationAge 17Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.06.08*-.12*-.04.12*-.11*.00.02.00.02.03*-.05*.11*Model R2 = .048Total Effect: .122, z = 8.14, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .01, z = 3.89, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .083warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdiscipline*monitoring*autonomygrantingMaternalIntoxicationAge 17IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.06.08*-.12*-.04.12*-.11*.00.02*.00.02*.02*-.06*.12*Model R2 = .06Total Effect: .124, z = 8.82, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .009, z = 3.96, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .073Mediation of Paternal Alcohol Usewarmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalAlcohol UseAge 14Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.01.02-.12*.01.04*-.05*-.02*.01-.01*.02.01-.09*.04*Model R2 = .049Total Effect: .044, z = 7.24, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .006, z = 4.19, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .136warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalAlcohol UseAge 14IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.01.02-.12*-.01.04*-.05*-.02*.00-.01*.01.00-.07*.03*Model R2 = .054Total Effect: .029, z = 6.23, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .004, z = 4.09, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .138warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalAlcohol UseAge 17Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex).00.01-.10*.02.03-.04*.00.01.01.01.03*-.05*.11*Model R2 = .09Total Effect: .11, z = 11.82, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .003, z = 2.20, p < .05Proportion of Effect Mediated = .027warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalAlcohol UseAge 17IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex).00.01-.10*.02.03-.04*-.01.02*.01.02*.03*-.06*.08*Model R2 = .076Total Effect: .084, z = 10.69, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .003, z = 2.33, p < .05Proportion of Effect Mediated = .036Mediation of Paternal Intoxicationwarmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalIntoxicationAge 14Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.03.04-.10*-.03.05*-.08*-.02*.01-.01*.02.01-.08*.04*Model R2 = .047Total Effect: .05, z = 6.03, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .009, z = 4.82, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .18warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalIntoxicationAge 14IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.02.04-.10*-.03.05*-.08*-.02*.00-.01*.01.00-.06*.04*Model R2 = .061Total Effect: .046, z = 7.13, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .006, z = 4.48, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .13warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdiscipline*monitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalIntoxicationAge 17Alcohol UseControls(zygosity, sex)-.02.04-.09*-.01.06*-.08*.00.01.00.02.03*-.05*.09*Model R2 = .061Total Effect: .10, z = 9.11, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .006, z = 3.37, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .06warmthrelationaltensionsharedactivitiesdisciplinemonitoring*autonomygrantingPaternalIntoxicationAge 17IntoxicationControls(zygosity, sex)-.02.04-.09*-.01.06*-.08*-.01.02*.01.02*.02*-.05*.10*Model R2 = .077Total Effect: .103, z = 10.79, p < .001Total Indirect Effect: .005, z = 3.35, p < .001Proportion of Effect Mediated = .049Significant Partial Mediation EffectsEffect coefficients and test-statistics for parenting variables demonstrating significant partial mediation Dependent Variable Outcome Monitoring Discipline   B (a*b) SE  Z-score B (a*b) SE  Z-score  Maternal Use  Age 14 Use .003 .001 2.68      Age 14 Intoxication .002 .001 2.66      Age 17 Use .002 .001 2.09 .002 .001 2.45   Age 17 Intoxication .002 .001 2.26 .001 .001 2.13  Maternal Intoxication  Age 14 Use .004 .001 3.70      Age 14 Intoxication .003 .001 3.67      Age 17 Use .002 .001 2.56 .004 .001 2.53   Age 17 Intoxication .002 .001 2.78 .002 .001 2.08  Paternal Use  Age 14 Use .009 .002 4.14      Age 14 Intoxication .007 .002 3.99      Age 17 Use .006 .002 2.79      Age 17 Intoxication .006 .002 3.19     Paternal Intoxication  Age 14 Use .007 .002 4.49       Age 14 Intoxication .005 .001 4.29       Age 17 Use .004 .001 2.93 .002 .001 1.97    Age 17 Intoxication .004 .001 3.10            Critical ratios (i.e., Z-scores) of 1.96, 2.58, and 3.29 correspond to p-values of .05, .01, and .001, respectively. Note: standardized effect coefficients and associated standard errors are rounded to the nearest thousandth. CONCLUSIONSFUTURE DIRECTIONS Future research should focus on disaggregating the genetic and environmental components of the pathways through which parents’ drinking influences adolescents’ alcohol use behaviors.REFERENCESACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Finnish Twin studies have been supported by the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to RJR), the Academy of Finland (grants # 100499,  & 205585 to JK)  the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme (to LP) and by grants from the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (to JK).   The present analyses have been supported by a grant from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-15416 to DMD). 

Intermediary mechanisms in the transmission of alcohol use behaviors from parents to adolescents: Examining the role of parents’ socialization practices

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Intermediary mechanisms in the transmission of alcohol use behaviors from parents to adolescents: Examining the role of parents’ socialization practices

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