Bernard, M. J

Dick, D. M

Kaprio, J.

Pulkkinen, L.

Rose, R. J

Viken, R. J

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Washington University School of MedicineDigital Commons@BeckerPosters 2007: Alcohol Use Across the Lifespan2007Evidence of neighborhood influences on earlyadolescent alcohol use and related behaviorproblemsM. J. BernardWashington University in St LouisR. J. RoseIndiana University - BloomingtonR. J. VikenIndiana University - BloomingtonL. PulkkinenUniversity of JyvaskylaJ. KaprioUniversity of HelsinkiSee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2007Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences CommonsThis Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the 2007: Alcohol Use Across the Lifespan at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been acceptedfor inclusion in Posters by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact engeszer@wustl.edu.Recommended CitationBernard, M. J.; Rose, R. J.; Viken, R. J.; Pulkkinen, L.; Kaprio, J.; and Dick, D. M., "Evidence of neighborhood influences on earlyadolescent alcohol use and related behavior problems" (2007). Posters. Paper 9 Samuel B. Guze Symposium on Alcoholism.http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2007/9AuthorsM. J. Bernard, R. J. Rose, R. J. Viken, L. Pulkkinen, J. Kaprio, and D. M. DickThis poster is available at Digital Commons@Becker: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2007/9Evidence of Neighborhood Influences on Early Adolescent Alcohol Use and Related Behavior ProblemsM.J. Bernard1, R.J. Rose2, R.J. Viken2, L. Pulkkinen3, J. Kaprio4, & D.M. Dick11Washington University, St. Louis, MO 2Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 3University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, 4University of Helsinki, FinlandIntroduction• Neighborhood influences have direct and indirect influences on many adolescent outcomes, but much of existing research on neighborhood influences has not accounted for genetic variation on the development of behavioral differences, rather, studies of each of these important sources of influence have been conducted largely in isolation• Traditional twin design provides information about genetic and “common environmental” influence, but is unable to differentiate familial and extrafamilial environmental influences• By studying classmate controls in addition to twins, we can compare correlations between twins and between controls to identify genetic, familial environmental, and extrafamilial environmental influences on outcomeCLASSMATE CONTROLS OF TWINS~935 dyadsControlsGenetic strangers reared indifferent householdsMatched to twin on:GenderBirth cohort NeighborhoodSchool ClassMethods• Monozygotic (MZ) twins share 100% genetic variation, 100% common environment (includes family, neighborhood/school)• Dizygotic (DZ) twins share 50% genetic variation, 100% common environment (includes family, neighborhood/school)• Controls share no genetic variation, no family environment                              DO share neighborhood, school• Comparisons of MZ/DZ twins yield information about genetic influence, common environment (family and neighborhood/school); control correlation yields information about extent to which neighborhood/school influences outcomeFinnTwin12 Sample • Population based sample of adolescent twins and gender- and age-matched classmate controls in Finland born between 1983 and 1987• Alcohol outcome data collected by self-report at age 12– 918-926 twin pairs (333-337 MZ pairs and 296-299 DZ pairs) and 921-930 control pairs• Behavior problem outcome data provided by teacher rating of age 12 twins and controls  – 2267 twin pairs (703 MZ pairs and 1399 DZ pairs) and 2218-2220 control pairsAlcohol Outcomes• Have you ever drunk alcohol? (Ever drunk alcohol)• Have you ever drunk alcohol with your friends without adults around? (Without adults)• Do you have any friends who use alcohol? (Friends use)• Have you ever seen any of your friends drunk? (Seen friends drunk)• Have you ever seen adults drunk at your own home? (Adults drunk in home)Behavior Problem Outcomes• Teacher ratings on Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory (Pulkkinen, Kaprio, & Rose, 1999)– Aggression– Impulsivity-Hyperactivity– Inattention– Behavior ProblemsEvidence for Extrafamilial Environmental InfluenceTwin and Control Correlations00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7Ever drunkalcoholWithout adults Friends use Seen friendsdrunkAdults drunk inhomeAggression Hyperactivity-ImpulsivityInattention BehavioralProblemsrrTwinrControlTwin and Control CorrelationsrTwin rControlEver drunk alcohol .469** .165**Without adults .356** .090**Friends use .333** .131**Seen friends drunk .304** .102**Adults drunk in home .540** .122**Aggression .603** .193**Hyperactivity-Impulsivity.538** .141**Inattention .559** .137**Behavioral problems .582** .156****p<.01Extrafamilial Environmental Influence• Controls were significantly correlated for each of the alcohol and behavior problem outcomes• Correlations between classmate control dyads reflect extrafamilial environmental influences (e.g., neighborhood, school, peers) as they share neither genes nor family environments• Therefore, results suggest that extrafamilial environments do influence alcohol use and related behavior outcomes among adolescentsEvidence for Genetic InfluenceMZ, DZ and Control Correlations00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Ever drunkalcoholWithout adults Friends use Seen friendsdrunkAdults drunk inhomeAggression Hyperactivity-ImpulsivityInattention BehavioralProblemsrrMZrDZrControlMZ, DZ and Control CorrelationsrMZ rDZ rControlEver drunk alcohol .542** .449** .165**Without adults .514** .386** .090**Friends use .369** .386** .131**Seen friends drunk .361** .233** .102**Adults drunk in home .586** .561** .122**Aggression .840** .490** .193**Hyperactivity-Impulsivity.849** .373** .141**Inattention .860** .400** .137**Behavioral Problems .869** .433** .156****p<.01Genetic Influence• Correlations between MZ twins were greater than those between DZ twins for four out of the five alcohol outcomes and each of the behavior outcomes, suggesting genetic influence for these four alcohol outcomes and all of the behavior outcomes• There is much greater evidence for genetic influence on behavior outcomes than alcohol outcomes at this age, as indicated by bigger MZ-DZ differences in correlationConclusions• Adolescent alcohol use and related behavior problems are influenced by several factors, including genetic and extrafamilial environments• Further research is needed to (1) examine the specific variables within neighborhood environments that influence these outcomes and (2) elucidate the mechanisms through which these neighborhood variables exert influenceAcknowledgementsThe Finnish Twin studies have been supported by the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to RJR), the Academy of Finland (grants # 100499,  & 205585 to JK)  the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme (to LP) and by grants from the Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation (to JK).   These analyses have been supported by AA015416 to DMD.

Evidence of neighborhood influences on early adolescent alcohol use and related behavior problems

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Evidence of neighborhood influences on early adolescent alcohol use and related behavior problems

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