Bucholz, Kathleen K

Decker, Brett S

Grant, Julia D

Lessov-Schlaggar, Christina N

Digital Commons@Becker

Washington University School of MedicineDigital Commons@BeckerPosters2010: Disentangling the Genetics of Alcoholism:Understanding Pathophysiology and ImprovingTreatment2010The association of early risky behaviors andsubstance dependence and depression in anethnically diverse sampleBrett S. DeckerWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisJulia D. GrantWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisChristina N. Lessov-SchlaggarWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisKathleen K. BucholzWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisFollow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2010Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences CommonsThis Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the 2010: Disentangling the Genetics of Alcoholism: Understanding Pathophysiology andImproving Treatment at Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Posters by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Becker. For more information, please contact engeszer@wustl.edu.Recommended CitationDecker, Brett S.; Grant, Julia D.; Lessov-Schlaggar, Christina N.; and Bucholz, Kathleen K., "The association of early risky behaviorsand substance dependence and depression in an ethnically diverse sample" (2010). Posters. Paper 22 Samuel B. Guze Symposium onAlcoholism.http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/guzeposter2010/22The Association of Early Risky Behaviors and Substance Dependence and Depression in an Ethnically Diverse SampleBrett S. Decker1,2Julia D. Grant, Ph.D.1,2Christina N. Lessov-Schlaggar, Ph.D.1,2Kathleen K. Bucholz, Ph.D.1,21Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO2Midwest Alcoholism Research Center at WUSMBackground¾ Early involvement with substances and other risky behaviors is associated with negative outcomes¾ Early substance use is correlated with substance dependence¾ Early manifestations of deviant behavior is also associated with substance abuse and dependence¾ This study¾ Investigated the effects of risky behavior (substance use as well as other risk-taking behaviors) on outcomes of depression and substance abuse and dependence¾ Uses latent class analysis to group six variables to reflect traits of risky behaviors¾ Uses a diverse sample of African Americans and European Americans to test the differences between African Americans and European Americans in outcome due to early risky behavior¾ Questions Asked¾ Is there a correlation between general early risky behavior and substance abuse/dependence and depression?¾ Is there a difference between African Americans and European Americans in such correlations?Missouri Family Study (MOFAM)¾General population sample of families, ascertained using Missouri birth records ¾Designed to be comparable to twin-family studies conducted in our research group ¾Index children selected from birth years to be aged 13,15,17,or 19 at first interview¾Prospective design, with offspring interviewed every 2 years¾Oversample of African American families¾High risk design using telephone screening interviews with mothers to collect high risk families ¾Mothers of index child interviewed about family structure and her own health behaviors and those of the child’s father¾Families are designated high risk (HR) if mother reports child’s father as an excessive drinker; otherwise low risk (LR)¾Second type of high risk family – families of men with 2 or more DUI’s on driving record – “Recurrent Drunk Driving” or RDD familiesNote: RDD-Recurrent Drunk Driving Families, AA-African American, EA-European AmericanSample Characteristics• Baseline Data from MOFAM was used for the analysis•Sexual Intercourse was used as a variable in a Latent Class Analysis. Respondents younger than age 15 were not asked questions about sexual intercourse and, therefore, were left out of the analysis.• This results in a 931 Sample Total of Age 15 or olderEA (%) AA (%) TotalTotal n=444 487 931Female 224 (50.5) 249 (51.1) 473Low Risk 134 (30.2) 244 (50.1) 378High Risk 105 (23.6) 140 (28.7) 245RDD 205 (46.2) 103 (21.1) 308Mean Age 18.54 18.87 18.71Latent Class AnalysisVariables includedSubstance Use¾ Alcohol use¾ Tobacco use¾Marijuana useBehavioral Variables¾ Oppositional Defiant Disorder¾ Conduct Disorder¾ Sexual IntercourseSubstance Use and Sexual Intercourse were categorized based on age onset: 0 = None 1 = Late 2 = Early (Youngest 25% of Users) For Oppositional and Conduct variables, a symptom count was used instead of onset age 0 = No Symptoms 1 = At least one symptom and fewer than diagnostic criteria 2 = Symptom count reached diagnostic criteria for the associated disorderEarly Use CriteriaAlcohol Use 14 or youngerTobacco Use 12 or youngerMarijuana Use 15 or youngerSexual Intercourse 14 or younger00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7Percent of Sample0-None1-Late Use/Few Symptoms2-Early Use/High SymptomsPrevalence of BehaviorsTotal Sample Population Results (n=931)•Alcohol          •Tobacco •Marijuana •Sexual Intercourse•Opposition Defiant Disorder•Conduct DisorderLatent Class Determination¾3 Class solution results in lowest BIC¾3 Class solution is a better fit vs. 2 Class Solution in VLMR-LRT¾4 Class solution is not a better fit vs. 3 Class Solution in VLMR-LRTNumber of Latent Classes BICVuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio Test (VLMR-LRT)2 10611.182 --3 10357.018 0.00004 10378.327 0.22925 10416.66 0.0464• 245 (26.3%) – “Early/High Class”• High Risk Class• Target of AnalysisLatent Class Outcome• 931 Sample Total• 298 (32.0%) – “Zero Class”Endorsement Probabilities•388 (41.7%) – “Late/Few Class”• Normative ClassNone Late/Few Early/HighAlcohol Use 0.798 0.161 0.041Tobacco Use 0.9 0.056 0.044Marijuana Use 0.996 0.004 0Intercourse 0.721 0.233 0.047Oppositional 0.597 0.215 0.188Conduct 0.661 0.289 0.05None Late/Few Early/HighAlcohol Use 0.073 0.826 0.1Tobacco Use 0.152 0.733 0.115Marijuana Use 0.454 0.52 0.027Intercourse 0.144 0.781 0.076Oppositional 0.586 0.246 0.168Conduct 0.566 0.364 0.069None Late/Few Early/HighAlcohol Use 0.133 0.364 0.503Tobacco Use 0.098 0.364 0.539Marijuana Use 0.237 0.249 0.514Intercourse 0.096 0.308 0.596Oppositional 0.315 0.293 0.392Conduct 0.184 0.335 0.481None•Alcohol          •Tobacco •Marijuana •SI •ODD •CD•SI – Sexual Intercourse•ODD – Oppositional Defiant Disorder•CD – Conduct Disorder•Did not use any substance or engage in sexual intercourse•Showed no symptoms for oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Percent of Sample1-Zero Class2-Late/Few Class3-Early/High ClassLate Use / Few Symptoms•Alcohol          •Tobacco •Marijuana •SI •ODD •CD•SI – Sexual Intercourse•ODD – Oppositional Defiant Disorder•CD – Conduct Disorder•Used substances and/or engaged in sexual intercourse at a later age•Had at least one symptom but fewer that diagnosis for ODD and/or CD00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Percent of Sample1-Zero Class2-Late/Few Class3-Early/High Class00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91Percent of Sample1-Zero Class2-Late/Few Class3-Early/High ClassEarly Use / High Symptoms•Alcohol          •Tobacco •Marijuana •SI •ODD •CD•SI – Sexual Intercourse•ODD – Oppositional Defiant Disorder•CD – Conduct Disorder•Used substances and/or engaged in sexual intercourse at early age•Reached diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant order and/or conduct disorderLogistic Regression ModelsModeling probability of latent class membership using the Late/Few Class as the comparison        - Controlling For Age -Early/High Class Vs Late/Few ClassZero Class Vs Late/Few ClassNote: HR-High Risk Families, RDD-Recurrent Drunk Driving Families, AA-African American, EA-European American+ Odds Ratios have a P value <0.1* Odds Ratios have a P value <0.05** Odds Ratios have a P value <0.01*** Odds Ratios have a P value <0.001OR 95% CIAA 1.89*** 1.33 - 2.70Male 1.72** 1.21 - 2.44HR 1.91** 1.24 - 2.94RDD 1.88** 1.24 - 2.86OR 95% CIAA 1.2 0.82 - 1.74Male 0.68* 0.49 - 0.96HR 0.72 0.46 - 1.12RDD 0.62* 0.40 - 0.97Logistic Regression Models by EthnicityModeling probability of latent class membership using the Late/Few Class as the comparison        - Controlling For Age -European AmericansOR 95% CIMale 1.02 0.58 - 1.79HR 4.40** 1.74 - 10.95RDD 4.34** 1.88 - 10.01OR 95% CIMale 0.62* 0.34 - 0.98HR 0.67 0.32 - 1.38RDD 0.6 0.32 - 1.14African AmericansOR 95% CIMale 2.78*** 1.78 - 4.34HR 1.5 0.88 - 2.54RDD 1.15 0.64 - 2.06OR 95% CIMale 0.79 0.52 - 1.22HR 0.78 0.45 - 1.37RDD 0.68 0.38 - 1.21Note: HR-High Risk Families, RDD-Recurrent Drunk Driving Families, AA-African American, EA-European American+ Odds Ratios have a P value <0.1* Odds Ratios have a P value <0.05** Odds Ratios have a P value <0.01*** Odds Ratios have a P value <0.001Early/High Class Vs Late/Few ClassEarly/High Class Vs Late/Few ClassZero Class Vs Late/Few ClassZero Class Vs Late/Few ClassSubstance Abuse/Dependence and Depression RiskLogistic Regression Models – Modeling probability of Substance Dependence or Depression for each Latent Class using the Late Use Latent Class as the comparison                   - Controlling For Age, Race, Gender, HR Families, and RDD Families -European AmericansAfrican AmericansEuropean AmericansAfrican AmericansOR 95% CIDepression 0.98 0.48 - 1.99OR 95% CIDepression 0.84 0.30 - 2.36OR 95% CIDepression 0.99 0.38 - 2.58OR 95% CIAlcohol Abuse/Dep 2.89*** 1.89 - 4.42Tobacco Dependence 3.01*** 1.81 - 5.01Marijuana Abuse/Dep 2.23* 1.18 - 4.19Depression 1.87* 1.06 - 3.29OR 95% CIAlcohol Abuse/Dep 4.62*** 2.39 - 8.96Tobacco Dependence 4.00*** 2.05 - 7.79Marijuana Abuse/Dep 1.58 0.59 - 4.21Depression 1.35 0.58 - 3.17OR 95% CIAlcohol Abuse/Dep 2.25** 1.22 - 4.15Tobacco Dependence 2.3+ 0.94 - 5.63Marijuana Abuse/Dep 3.12* 1.12 - 8.64Depression 2.14+ 0.99 - 4.60Note: HR-High Risk Families, RDD-Recurrent Drunk Driving Families, AA-African American, EA-European American+ Odds Ratios have a P value <0.1* Odds Ratios have a P value <0.05** Odds Ratios have a P value <0.01*** Odds Ratios have a P value <0.001Zero Class Vs Late/Few ClassEarly/High Class Vs Late/Few ClassComments¾ Subjects are at higher risk to fall within the Early/High latent class when the subject is:¾Male¾ African American¾ From a High Risk family or Recurrent Drunk Driving Family¾ Subjects were more likely to be placed in the Zero latent class when the subject is:¾ Female¾ From a Low Risk or High Risk Family¾ Subjects among the Early/High class are at higher risk compared to Late/Few class to have:¾ Alcohol Dependence or Abuse¾ Tobacco Dependence¾Marijuana Dependence or Abuse¾ Depression¾ European Americans within the Early/High class compared to Late/Few class are at higher risk for:¾ Alcohol Dependence or Abuse¾ Tobacco Dependence¾ African Americans within the Early/High class compared to Late/Few class are at higher risk for:¾ Alcohol Dependence or Abuse¾Marijuana Dependence or Abuse¾ Our data suggest a class reflecting general early use of all substances, but not early use of a particular substance¾ Level of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms did not differentiate the Zero class from the Late/Few class

The association of early risky behaviors and substance dependence and depression in an ethnically diverse sample

http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=guzeposter2010

The association of early risky behaviors and substance dependence and depression in an ethnically diverse sample

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Digital Commons@Becker