Approximately 70% of the world’s population will be urbanized by 2050. This will increase pressure on already poorly resourced sanitation systems. Solutions must be context appropriate, inclusive and sustainable but can be challenging due to different interpretations of these terms. The aim of the study was to examine current perceptions of inclusion and sustainability of sanitation stakeholders in sub-Saharan African cities in Malawi (Blantyre), Tanzania (Arusha and Dar es Salaam), Zimbabwe (Plumtree), and South Africa (eThekwini Municipality)
