Optimize internal combustion engine lubrication to reduce friction and wear leading to improve fuel consumption and to reduce exhaust emission

Bowen, D.J.

Hettiarachchi, S. J.

Kellici, S.

English

LSBU Research Open

ENHANCING ENGINE OIL PERFORMANCE USING NANOPARTICLES AND BIO-LUBRICANTS AS ADDITIVESTHE PROBLEMEnvironmental pollution and depletion of fossil fuel reserves by internal combustion (IC) engines1-3. PROPOSED SOLUTIONOptimize lubrication to reduce friction, wear. Improve fuel consumption with reduced exhaust emissions.METHODOLOGYFormulation of a novel lubricant using nanoparticles and bio-lubricants as additives.3 segments of experiments: ❖ Nanoparticle synthesis and characterization ❖ Blending lubricants❖ Performance tests3 groups of sample blends:❖ Mineral oil  with nanoparticles❖ Mineral oil with coconut oil❖ Coconut oil with nanoparticles, all in various concentrations. RESULTS017.042.8818.7631.7826.3917.0620.774.5716.751 3 7 9 16 17 20 24 28 310102030COF reduction (%)Lubricant sample no COF reductionCOF @ 120 N load with 0.4 ms-1 velocity @ 1000 CFigure 2: Coefficient of Friction (COF) reduction (%) for selected sample blends with optimum additive concentration to reduce friction, with reference to mineral oil 15W40.Sample 1 – Mineral oil (15W40; reference oil)Sample 3 – 15W40 + n-Al2O3,  0.1 wt %Sample 7 – 15W40 + n-TiO2, 0.25 wt %Sample 9 – 15W40 + graphene, 0.1 wt%Sample 16 – 15W40 + Coconut oil 88 v/v %Sample 17 – CCO + n-Al2O3,  0.1 wt %Sample 20 – CCO + n-TiO2, 0.1 wt %Sample 24 – CCO + graphene 0.25 wt %Sample 28 – 15W40 + n-TiO2/graphene 0.05 wt %Sample 31 – CCO + n-TiO2/graphene 0.05 wt %Figure 3: TEM and SAED (inset) images for  a) n-Al2O3, b) n-TiO2, c) graphene and d) n-TiO2/r-GOFigure 1: Friction tests phase II, using Linear Reciprocating  Tribometer (LRT) with varying loads and sliding velocities @ 1400 C for selected blends with optimum additive concentrations. Figure 4: SEM images for wear scars of test specimens after second phase LRT tests, subscripts 1 and 2 for cylinder liner and piston ring segments respectively; a) blank (without test), b) sample 1 (reference oil), c) sample 9, d) sample 16 and e) sample 24 SUMMARY❖ The research findings revealed that, the blending of coconut oil and graphene (sample 24)showed the highest performance in reducing friction and wear under simulated IC enginecondition.❖ Agglomeration of nanoparticles within base stocks, poor cold flow (high Pour Point) andpoor oxidative stability (Total Base Number, TBN) of coconut oil are substandard; thus anoptimization of these characteristics is currently underway.Sample name and lubricant formulation.  Key: n – nanoparticle, CCO – coconut oilREFERENCES1. Ali M. K. A., Xianjun, H., (2015). Improving the tribological behavior of internal combustion engines via the addition of nanoparticles to engine oils. Nanotechnology Reviews. vol. 4 (4), pp 347–358. 2. Jia B., et al., (2018), A study and comparison of frictional losses in free-piston and crankshaft engines. Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 140, pp 217-224.3. Syahir, A. Z., et al, (2017). A review on bio-based lubricants and their application. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 168, pp 997-1016.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors acknowledge the technical support andthe experimental facilities at both LSBU and OU.Further, the support is extended by the collaborationof DUCOM Instruments and BMS, College ofEngineering, both in Bangalore (India) for LRT tests.Sunil Jayanthaa, Dr James Bowenb and Dr Suela Kelliciaa London Centre for Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK.    b Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.

Enhancing engine oil performance using nanoparticles and bio-lubricants as additives

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Enhancing engine oil performance using nanoparticles and bio-lubricants as additives

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