Report detailing Estonia's journey towards e-governance

Rimpilainen, Sanna

University of Strathclyde Institutional Repository

Rimpilainen, Sanna (2015) The Estonian Journey to e-Governance. [Report] , 10.17868/64608This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/64608/Strathprints is  designed  to  allow  users  to  access  the  research  output  of  the  University  of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may  not  engage  in  further  distribution  of  the  material  for  any  profitmaking  activities  or  any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output.            Document name Doc ref number  1 (Version number and date)   The Estonian Journey to e-governance  Sanna Rimpilainen  Document reference number DHI+DDMMYY+doctype+000X E.G. (DHI310113V0001) o E = exploratory report o L = lab report o F = factory report o S = summary document o LR = literature review o RR = research report o MR = market research o MAP = mapping o V=video o O= other   Publication date  Revision date  Revision number   Purpose of document Report detailing Estonia's journey towards eGovernance Other detail (delete row if appropriate)   Related projects Names and doc reference numbers Keywords Estonia; EHRs; X-road; e-Prescription; Electronic Health Records;                 Document name Doc ref number  2 (Version number and date)  The Estonian Journey to e-governance (with emphasis on electronic health records) Key steps: 1994   Information Policy passed 1996   Personal Data Protection Act First internet bank in Estonia Tiger Leap project created 1999   Data Protection Department created 2000  Digital Signatures Act  Digital Signatures are effective and universal for secure online identification. The act paved the way to secure e-services in Estonia, including i-voting, filing taxes online, DigiDoc and e-health. When a website offers the digital signature option: 1. The user has entered the information to be signed (tax declaration, ballot choices contracts, etc.). 2. The site asks the user if they would like to digitally sign the information. 3. ,IWKHXVHUFOLFNVµ\HV¶DZLQGRZIURPD third-party Certificate Center pops up, asking for WKH3,1FRGHVFRQQHFWHGWRWKHXVHU¶VHOHFWURQLF,'&DUG 4. The Certificate Center verifies the codes and sends a confirmation back to the website. (More information: https://e-estonia.com/?component=digital-signature) (2000)  e-Tax filing begins Mobile parking introduced e-Cabinet introduced Population Registry Law passed 2001  Introduction of X-Road              Document name Doc ref number  3 (Version number and date)  X-road is the backbone of e-Estonia. X-road allows databases to interact making integrated e-services possible. Institutions are not locked into any one type of database or software provider. Databases are decentralised ± every government agency or business can choose the software/hardware product that is right for them. All of the Estonian e-solutions that use multiple databases use X-Road. All outgoing data from the X-road is digitally signed and encrypted. All incoming data is authenticated and logged. (More information: https://e-estonia.com/?component=x-road)   Population Registry opens Health Services Organization Act 2002   ID Card introduced 1DWLRQDO ,'FDUGVDUHPDQGDWRU\ LQ(VWRQLDJLYLQJGLJLWDODFFHVV WRDOORI(VWRQLD¶VVHFXUHH-services. The embedded chip on the card uses 2048-bit public key encryption, making it a secure and definitive proof of ID in an e-environment.  The ID card is regularly used in Estonia, e.g.: x As a national ID card for legal travel within the EU for Estonian citizens x As the national health insurance card x As proof of identification when logging into bank accounts from a home computer x As a pre-paid public transport ticket in Tallinn and Tartu x For digital signatures x For i-voting x )RUDFFHVVLQJJRYHUQPHQWGDWDEDVHVWRFKHFNRQH¶Vmedical records, file taxes, etc. x For picking up e-Prescriptions (More information: https://e-estonia.com/?component=electronic-id-card) (2002) Law on e-Election passed e-School project comes on line 2003  Launch of ID bus ticket             Document name Doc ref number  4 (Version number and date)  State Portal launched e-Vehicle registry opens Public Information Act 2005  First i-Elections e-Police system comes on line 2007  First Mobile-ID system comes on line 2008  Launch of e-Health system 7KH(OHFWURQLF+HDOWK5HFRUGLVDQDWLRQZLGHV\VWHPWKDWLQWHJUDWHVGDWDIURP(VWRQLD¶VGLIIHUHQWhealthcare providers to create a common record for each patient. Using the data exchange layer X-road the EHR retrieves information from various systems, and presents it in a standard format. ,QDQHPHUJHQF\VLWXDWLRQDGRFWRUFDQXVHDSDWLHQW¶V,'FDUGWRUHDGWLPH-critical information such as blood type, allergies, recent treatments, ongoing medication, or pregnancy. The system also compiles data for national statistics, so the relevant ministry can measure health trends, track epidemics, and make sure that its health resources are being spent wisely. Patients have access to their own records, as well as those of their children. By logging into the Patient Portal with an electronic ID Card, the patient can review their past doctor visits and current prescriptions, control which doctors have access to their files, and even receive general health advice. (More information: https://e-estonia.com/?component=electronic-health-record) 2010  e-Prescription introduced  e-Prescription is a centralized, paperless system for issuing and handling medical prescriptions. Prescriptions are given electronically, and the prescriptions are picked up by presenting the electronic ID card at any pharmacy. Because the e-Prescription system draws on data from the national health insurance fund, any state medical subsidies that the patient is entitled to also appear on a screen, and the medicine is discounted accordingly. Another major advantage of the system is that doctor visits are no longer needed for routine refills. A patient can contact the doctor by e-mail, Skype or phone, and the doctors can issue             Document name Doc ref number  5 (Version number and date)  refills with just a couple clicks of a mouse. This frees up time for both the patient and the doctor, and reduces administrative strain on the hospital. In 2013, 95% of all prescriptions in the country were being issued electronically. (More information: https://e-estonia.com/?component=e-prescription) 2011  Smart Grid introduced in Energy Sector  6RPH'R¶VDQG'RQ¶WVEDVHGRQ(VWRQLD¶VH[SHULHQFH x Do ± Create a decentralized, distributed system so that all existing components can be linked and new ones can be added, no matter what platform they use x 'RQ¶W± 7U\WRIRUFHHYHU\RQHWRXVHDFHQWUDOL]HGGDWDEDVHRUV\VWHPZKLFKZRQ¶WPHHWWKHLUneeds and will be seen as a burden rather than a benefit x Do ± Be a smart purchaser, buying the most appropriate systems developed by the private sector x 'RQ¶W± Waste millions contracting large, slow development projects that result in inflexible systems x Do ± Find systems that are already working, allowing for faster implementation x 'RQ¶W± Rely on pie-in-the-sky solutions that take time to develop and may not work  

The Estonian Journey to e-Governance

https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/64608/1/Rimpilainen_DHCI2015_The_Estonian_Journey_to_e_governance.pdf

The Estonian Journey to e-Governance

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Strathclyde Institutional Repository