V doktorski disertaciji proučujemo korporativno upravljanje in vpliv korporativnega upravljanja na poslovanje bank v osmih državah Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope (Češka, Estonija, Latvija, Litva, Madžarska, Poljska, Slovaška, Slovenija), in sicer v obdobju od 2005–2013. Za pridobitev odgovora na osrednjo raziskovalno vprašanje smo oblikovali štiri raziskovalne hipoteze, pri čemer je prva hipoteza sestavljena iz treh delnih hipotez. Prve tri hipoteze se nanašajo na proučevanje vpliva lastniške strukture, sestave nadzornega sveta in uprave in velikosti bank na korporativno upravljanje. Pri proučevanju vpliva lastniške strukture na poslovanje bank se raziskava osredotoča na vprašanje vpliva koncentracije lastništva in tujega ter državnega lastništva na korporativno upravljanje (tri delne hipoteze). Druga hipoteza se nanaša na proučevanje vpliva sestave nadzornega sveta in uprave na korporativno upravljanje, medtem ko se tretja hipoteza nanaša na proučevanje vpliva velikosti bank na korporativno upravljanje. Četrta hipoteza se nanaša na proučevanje vpliva korporativnega upravljanja na poslovanje bank. Na osnovi opravljene raziskave ugotavljamo, da lastniška struktura bank, in sicer koncentracija lastništva in tuje lastništvo, predvsem pozitivno vplivata na korporativno upravljanje, medtem ko vpliv državnega lastništva na korporativno upravljanje ni potrjen. Prav tako ugotavljamo, da sestava nadzornega sveta in uprave ter velikost bank pozitivno vplivajo na korporativno upravljanje. Pri preverbi vpliva korporativnega upravljanja na poslovanje bank je bil ugotovljen omejen vpliv na uspešnost poslovanja bank, predvsem kadar le-to merimo z donosnostjo povprečnih sredstev in donosnostjo povprečnega kapitala. Pri preverjanju vpliva na neto obrestne prihodke je bil ugotovljeni vpliv bolj statistično značilen. Rezultati se med državami precej razlikujejo. Za večino držav (razen Latvijo) je bil ugotovljen pozitiven vpliv korporativnega upravljanja na uspešnost poslovanja bank, merjeno z neto obrestnimi prihodki. Ugotovljeni vpliv korporativnega upravljanja na donosnost povprečnih sredstev in donosnost povprečnega kapitala je bil v glavnem negativen. Poleg indeksa korporativnega upravljanja, ki ga uporabljamo kot neodvisno spremenljivko, smo kot neodvisne spremenljivke izmenično uporabili tudi stopnjo rasti BDP na prebivalca, vladavino prava, učinkovitost vlad in prisotnost finančne krize. Na osnovi opravljene analize in dobljenih rezultatov ugotavljamo, da je vpliv rasti BDP na prebivalca v večini proučevanih držav pozitiven in statistično značilen pri ROAA in ROAE in da spremenljivka pojasni dodaten delež variabilnosti uspešnosti poslovanja bank. Spoštovanje pravnih določil v nekaterih državah pozitivno vpliva na uspešnost poslovanja bank, medtem ko je ponekod ta vpliv negativen. Za večino proučevanih držav velja, da vpliv učinkovitosti vlade na tri kazalnike uspešnosti poslovanja ni enosmeren in v večini ni statistično značilen. Prisotnost finančne krize ima v večini izmed proučevanih držav na poslovanje bank negativen vpliv (ki je statistično značilen v nekaterih državah), kar je v skladu s pričakovanji, da banke v obdobju krize poslujejo slabše.Prihodnje raziskave naj se osredotočajo na podrobno proučevanje vsebinskih in kvalitativnih aspektov korporativnega upravljanja. Vzpostaviti bi veljalo enotni in celovit merilni instrument in nabor ključnih dejavnikov upravljanja, kar bi omogočalo kvalitetno primerjavo podatkov in rezultatov med leti, kakor tudi med državami in različnimi družbami. V raziskavo bi veljalo vključiti še dodatne spremenljivke in uporabiti druga merila uspešnosti poslovanja bank.In our doctoral dissertation we studied corporate governance and the impact of corporate governance on bank performance in eight countries from Central and Eastern Europe (i.e. the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia) in the time period from 2005 to 2013. To obtain the answer to our main research question, we formulated four research hypotheses. The first three hypotheses addressed the impact of the ownership structure, the composition of the supervisory boards and the management boards as well as the size of banks on corporate governance. Our first hypothesis consisted of three partial hypotheses. That is, when considering the impact of the ownership structure on corporate governance, our analysis focused on the influence of ownership concentration, of foreign ownership and of state ownership on corporate governance (i.e. three partial hypotheses). The second hypothesis referred to the study of the impact of the composition of supervisory boards and management boards on corporate governance, while the third hypothesis addressed the study of the impact of the size of banks on corporate governance. The fourth hypothesis related to the study of the impact of corporate governance on bank performance. Regarding the ownership structure of a bank, our analysis led us to the conclusion that both the concentration of ownership and foreign ownership mainly have a positive impact on corporate governance, while the impact of state ownership on corporate governance is not verified. We also noted that the composition of supervisory boards and management boards as well as the size of banks have a positive influence on corporate governance. When investigating the impact of corporate governance on bank performance, we identified a limited impact on the analysed banks\u27 performance, especially when the latter was measured by return on average assets and return on average equity. The examination of the impact on net interest income showed that the impact on net interest income is more statistically significant. The results we obtained varied considerably between countries. For most countries (except for Estonia and Latvia), corporate governance was found to have a positive impact on banks\u27 performance measured by net interest income. The observed effect of corporate governance on the return on average assets and return on average equity was mainly negative. In addition to the corporate governance index, which was used as the independent variable, we were alternately using other independent variables as well, i.e. the growth rate of GDP per capita, the rule of law, government effectiveness, and the presence of a financial crisis. Based on the analysis performed and the results obtained, we found that the impact of growth in GDP per capita was positive and statistically significant on the ROAA and ROAE in most of the countries and it explained additional variability of the performance of banks. In some countries, the rule of law provisions had a positive impact on banks\u27 performance while in others this impact was negative. The impact of government effectiveness on the three performance indicators was not one sighted and was mostly not statistically significant for most of the countries. The presence of the financial crisis in most of the countries had a negative impact on banks’ performance (which was statistically significant in some countries), which is in line with the expectations that banks perform worse during a crisis.
Future research should focus on a detailed study of substantive and qualitative aspects of corporate governance. It would be worth establishing a common and comprehensive measurement instrument and a set of key governance indicators that would allow for a qualitative comparison of the data and results between years, countries and different types of business entities. It would also be worth including additional variables and other measurements of bank performance
