Patronažna medicinska sestra pri svojem delu vstopa v posameznikovo domače okolje in tako spoznava njegov vpliv na zdravje posameznika, družine in skupnosti. Vse, kar pri neposrednem stiku z domačim okoljem spozna, lahko koristno uporabi pri načrtovanju vzgoje za zdravje posameznika, družine in skupnosti. Z vključevanjem patronažnih medicinskih sester v skrb za zdravje posameznikov in z zadovoljevanjem njihovih potreb po zdravstveni negi se ponujajo tudi možnosti za vpeljavo izboljšav na tem področju. V magistrskem delu smo predstavili vzgojno funkcijo patronažne medicinske sestre in z raziskavo ugotavljali posebnosti pri obravnavi posameznikov v kulturno in socialno različnih okoljih – pri osnovni in romski populaciji. Ugotavljali smo tudi, ali imajo patronažne medicinske sestre dovolj znanja in spretnosti, da lahko vplivajo na posameznikov način razmišljanja, s čimer posredno vplivajo na spremembe v družini in skupnosti, ter ali patronažne medicinske sestre izkazujejo različne delovne pristope v vzgojni funkciji glede na obravnavo populacije.
Raziskovalna metodologija. Uporabili smo kvantitativno deskriptivno in kavzalno neeksperimentalno metodo raziskovanja. Za kvantitativne podatke in grafični prikaz rezultatov je bil uporabljen program Microsoft Excel. S pomočjo Chi–Square Testa smo izračunali P-vrednost (Sig < 0,05) za vrednotenje zastavljenih hipotez. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 24 patronažnih medicinskih sester (PMS) iz Zdravstvenega doma Murska Sobota, 50 posameznikov iz osnovne populacije in 50 posameznikov iz romske populacije, ki so bili v stiku s patronažno službo in živijo na širšem geografskem območju Upravne enote Murska Sobota. Za tehniko zbiranja podatkov smo uporabili prilagojen anketni vprašalnik s trditvami o pomenu vključenosti PMS v skrb za zdravje posameznika in o njeni vzgojni funkciji.
Rezultati. Osnovna populacija za razliko od romske ni bolj osveščena v skrbi za zdravje. Romski posamezniki so izkazali potrebo po vključenosti patronažne medicinske sestre tudi v času zdravja, posamezniki osnovne populacije pa ne. Večina patronažnih medicinskih sester je bila mnenja, da morajo prilagajati svoje delovne naloge v zvezi z vzgojno funkcijo v skrbi za zdravje posameznika glede na vključenost v različna okolja. Oboji posamezniki bi se v večini udeleževali predavanj na tematiko o izboljšanju zdravja in skrbi zanj, obenem so oboji pozitivno ocenili znanje patronažnih medicinskih sester kot izvajalk tovrstnih predavanj.
Sklep. Vključenost v skrb za zdravje posameznika in vzgojna funkcija patronažne medicinske sestre pri povečanju tovrstne skrbi, sta potrebni in zaželeni tako pri osnovni kot pri romski populaciji. Posamezniki obeh sodelujočih skupin so bili enotnega mnenja, da zase in za svoje zdravje ne skrbijo dovolj dobro in potrebujejo nasvete, zato si želijo predavanj na temo zdravja ter odlično ocenjujejo sposobnosti patronažnih medicinskih sester pri njihovi izvedbi. Patronažne medicinske sestre so ocenile potrebo po različnih pristopih v delovnih okoljih in romskih posameznikov niso ocenile kot odklonilnih do sprejemanja nasvetov. Učinkovito bi bilo izpeljati obsežnejšo raziskavo obravnavanega problema, tako da bi vključili udeležence podobnih skupin v preostalih regijah slovenskega prostora. Glede na rezultate pa bi bilo potrebno oblikovati poenoten model izvajanja aktivnosti in ukrepov v patronažni zdravstveni negi z osrednjim ciljem izboljšati odnos do lastnega zdravja tako pri osnovni kot tudi romski populaciji, upoštevajoč seveda regijske, kulturne in socialne raznolikosti.Community nurses enter in their work the individual\u27s home environment and thus learn about the impact of this environment on the health of individuals, families, and communities. Everything the community nurses learn through direct contact with the home environment, is usefully used when planning the health education for healthy individuals, families and communities. With the involvement of community nurses in the health care of individuals and meeting their health care needs, opportunities to introduce improvements in this area are at hand. In this Master’s thesis, we have presented the educational function of community nurses and researched the specificities in the treatment of individuals with various cultural and social contexts – in general and Roma populations. We have also researched whether community nurses have sufficient knowledge and skills so that they can affect individuals\u27 way of thinking and thus influence the changes in their families and communities. Furthermore, we have researched whether community nurses show various working approaches in their educational function according to the treatment of the population.
Research Methodology. We have used quantitative descriptive and causal non-experimental method of research. For quantitative data and graphical presentation of the results, Microsoft Excel was used. Using the Chi-Square Test, we have calculated the P value (Sig < 0.05) to evaluate the set hypotheses. The study included 24 community nurses (CN) from the Health Centre Murska Sobota, 50 individuals from the general population, and 50 individuals from the Roma population, who have been in contact with the home care service and are living on a large geographical area of the administrative unit of Murska Sobota. For the data collection technique, we have used an adjusted questionnaire with the statements about the importance of the inclusion of CN in the care of the individual’s health and its educational function.
Results. The general population, unlike the Roma population, is not more aware of health issues. The Roma individuals have demonstrated the need for involvement of the community nurses also in time of health, while the individuals of the general population have not. Most community nurses believed that they must adjust their work duties in connection with the educational function in protecting the health of the individuals according to the involvement in various environments. Both types of individuals would mainly attend the lectures on health improvement and health care improvement – while both have positively assessed the knowledge of community nurses as providers of such lectures.
Conclusion. The involvement in and the educational function of community nurses in enhancing health care in individuals (general or Roma population) are necessary and desirable in general, as well as in the Roma population. Individuals of both participating groups were of the same opinion, i.e. that they do not take enough care of themselves and their own health, and need advice in this area. Thus, they want lectures on health issues and assess the abilities of community nurses in the implemention of lectures, excellently. Community nurses have assessed the need for various approaches in their work environments, and have not assessed the Roma individuals as not wanting to accept advice. It would be effective to perform an extensive research of the discussed problem – with the involvement of participants of similar groups in other regions of Slovenia. According to the results, it would be necessary to create a unified (taking into account the regional, cultural, and social diversities) model of the performance of activities and measures in home care service with the central objective on improving the relation to one’s own health – whether in general or in the Roma population
