Activation of Estrogen Receptor Is Crucial for Resveratrol-Stimulating Muscular Glucose Uptake via Both Insulin-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

Abstract

OBJECTIVE—Estradiol (E2) is known to modulate insulin sensitivity and, consequently, glucose homeostasis. Resveratrol (RSV), an agonist of estrogen receptor (ER), has exerted antihyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats in our previous study and was also shown to improve insulin resistance in other reports. However, it remains unknown whether activation of ER is involved in the metabolic effects of RSV via insulin-dependent and -independent mechanisms