Grogan, C. O. (Clarence Orval), 1921-

Zuber, M. S. (Marcus Stanley), 1912-1998

University of Missouri: MOspace

Corn Hybrids Adapted for Missouri By M. S. Zuber and C. O. Grogan UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION J. H. LONGWELL, Director BULLETIN 546 Columbia, Mo. FEBRUARY, 1951 CORN HYBRIDS ADAPTED FOR MISSOURP M. s. ZUBER2 and C. O. GROGANs Corn growers have expressed considerable interest in information concerning the characteristics of open-pedigreed hybrids adapted to Missouri. A brief description of each hybrid, its performance rec-ord, and its region of adaptation are presented here, along with illustra-tions of the hybrids. This infor-mation should aid the farmer in choosing a hybrid to grow on his farm, and should be helpful also to county agents, vocational agricul-ture instructors, and others. The performance records of the various hybrids in different regions may be even more important than their descriptions. Securing Performance Data Yield trials of corn hybrids are conducted yearly by the Field Crops Department of the Missouri Agri-cultural Experiment Station, at two to four locations each in the North-ern, Central, and Southern regions of the state. Each hybrid is plant-ed by hand in four plots, each two rows wide by ten hills long. The plots are distributed over the test-ing field in a random design that compensates for differences in soil fertility. The corn from each plot is har-vested by hand, and acre yields are computed from the field weights ad-justed for moisture differences on the basis of shelled corn with 15.5 per cent moisture. Yields of hy-brids exceeding 15.5 per cent mois-ture are adjusted downward while those having a moisture content lower than 15.5 per cent are adjust-ed upward. The moisture percentage of each hybrid at each testing location is determined on the grain from ten ears picked at random. Several rows of kernels are removed from each ear and bulked, and a mois-ture determination of this bulked sample is made with a Tag-Heppen-stal moisture meter. . Root and stalk lodging is de-termined by actual count. A plant that leans more than 30 degrees from the vertical is counted as root lodged, and a plant with the stalk broken below the ear is counted as stalk-lodged. These counts are then computed to percentages of the to-tal number of plants. Ear height grade represents the approximate number of feet from the ground to the point where the upper ear is attached to the stalk. Data presented for the Northern 'Department of Field Crops, Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station · and the Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Agriculture Research Administration, U S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. "Agronomist, Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils and Agricultural Engineering, and Research Associate, Department of Field Crops, University of Missouri. "Graduate Assistant BULLETIN 546 3 region for the four-year period are from averages of tests in 1Jwo loca-tions in 1947, three in 1948, three in 1949 and four in 1950. The Cen-tral ' re~ion data are from averages of one test in 1947, four in 1948, three in 1949, and four in 1950. In the Southern region the data are from averages of three locations in 1947, two in 1948, two in 1949, and four in 1950. Interpreting Performance Records Since .the performance records represent averages for a period of years, any fluctuations due to ex-treme environmental conditions for any particular year are averaged to give a better estimate of the hybrid under consideration. Earlier comparisons were made between hybrids and open-pollinat-ed varieties, but due to the rapid shift from open-pollinated varieties to hybrids this comparison is no longer feasible. In order to com-pare the relative merits of one par-ticular hybrid with another the av-erages of all hybrids grown in the same tests are given in each sum-mary. In general, the yields of hybrids are highest in the Northern region and lowest in the Southern region. Root lodging is higher in the Cen-tral and Southern regions, which is due primarily to more severe wind and rain storms during August and September. Stalk lodging does not follow this same pattern since con-siderable stalk lodging in the North-ern region has been due in part to the European Corn Borer during the last few years, while most of the stalk lodging in the Southern region is caused by early maturity followed by stalk rotting organ-isms. The stalk lodging in the Cen-tral region is somewhat lower than either the Northern or Southern re-gion, and is due to less borer dam-age and stalk rots. Ear heights show a gradual decline from the Northern region to the Central and Southern regions. Description of .Hybrids It is difficult to describe each hy-brid in detail since some character-istics are evident only in particular years or localities. This fact can be readily understood when one con-siders that certain diseases of corn may be present in only one year out of ten. The general description of hybrids given here is intended only to give the more pertinent facts as observed during the past four years. Recommended Areas of Adaptation The recommended areas of adap-tation for a hybrid should not be in-terpreted to mean that these are the only areas in which that hy-brid should be grown. It is intend-ed to give only the region or regions in which a hybrid has given its best performance. For example, U. S. 13 is recommended for Northern half of Missouri, but large acreages of this hybrid are grown in Southern Missouri where farmers are satis-fied with its performance. How-ever, if maximum yields are desired in the Southern half of Missouri, such hybrids as Mo. 804 and U. S. 523W should be grown. These lat-ter hybrids, due to their later ma-turity, take greater advantage of the longer growing period. 4 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION U. S. 13 (WF9 x 38-11) (L317 x By) or Mo. 313 (WF9 x 38-11) (La x By) u. S. 13 is the most widely grown hybrid in Missouri and in the Corn Belt. This hybrid was developed in the cooperative breeding program of several Corn Belt experiment stations and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Two of the inbred lines, WF9 and 38-11, were develop-ed at the Purdue Agricultural Ex-periment Station, inbred line L317 at the Iowa Station and inbred line Hy by the Kansas and Dlinois Ex-periment Stations. During the pro-cess of developing the inbred line L317 at the Iowa Station, seed of the third or fourth generation 'selfs was sent to the Missouri Station. Continued selfing and selection at the Missouri Station resulted in the development of inbred line L3. Crosses between L3 and L317 do not give an indication of hybrid vigor. However, inbred line L3 is slightly more vigorous than L317. U. S. 13 and Mo. 313 were released for com-mercial production at .approximate-ly the same time. The performance record for these two hybrids is giv-Taple l.--Average Performance Record for the Four-Year Period 1947, 1948, 1949, and 1950 Comparing U.S. 13, Mo. 313, and the Average of Yellow Hybrids. Acre Mois- Lodged Plants Ear Hybrid Yield ture Root Stalk Height Average Bu. % % % Grade Northern Re~ion U. S. 13 84.9 16.1 1.5 8.9 3.9 Mo. 313 81.2 16.7 0.6 10.3 3.9 Yellow Hybrids 84.0 16.1 1.7 8.4 3.8 U. S. 13 Central Re!!ion 73.2 16.2 8.6 6.5 3.6 Mo. 313 72.1 16.7 12.7 6.3 3.6 Yellow Hybrids 73.6 16.4 12.0 5.8 3.6 U. S. 13 Southern Re~on 69.2 15.8 15.8 13.5 3.3 Mo. 313 67.1 . 15.6 13.5 11.9 3.2 Yellow H~brids 68.4 15.8 16.2 14.2 3.4 The hybrid known as U. S. IS and Mo. SIS .is adapted for the region of the state indicated by the shaded area of this map. en in Table 1. Mo. 313 has given a slightly less, but probably not sig-tlificantly lower, acre yield in each of the three regions. U. S. 13 makes an excellent yield on a wide range of soil types and soil fertility. Certain new hybrids may yield better in a particular year, but U. S. 13 is very difficult to excel over a period of years. The ears usually are borne at a medium height on the stalk but may be rather high on soils of high fertili-ty in seasons of high rainfall. It has a good roo1; system and is av-erage in resistance to stalk lodging. U. S. 13 will drop a high percentage of ears on certain soil types, in com-bination with the certain environ-mental conditions. It is very pop-ular with farmers who husk by hand because of its ease in husk-ing. BULLETIN 546 5 u. S. 13 is especially adapted to the Northern half of Missouri, but it is also very popular in the Southern half of Missouri. Since U. S. 13 does not take advantage of the long-er growing period in the Southern half of Missouri, many later-matur-ing hybrids will out yield it. Mo. 148 (WF9 x 88-11) (LS x K4) or m. 200 (WF9 x 88-11) (L817 x K4) Mo. 148 has the same pedigree as Ill. 200 except that inbred line L3 is substituted for L317. Mo. 148 is about 3 to 5 days later than U. S. 13. It is adapted to the Southern two-thirds of Missouri, where due to its longer growing period, it usually out yields U. S. 13, especial-lyon soils of high fertility. The ears of Mo. 148 may be borne high on the stalk on soils of high fertili-ty combined with ample rainfall. Mo. 148 also has a two-eared ten-dency. Performance records indi-cate Mo. 148 to have a slight advan-tage in yield over Ill. 200 in the Northern and Southern regions. In comparison with U. S. 13, its aver-age yield is about the same but its root system is weaker. Hybrid m. 200 and Mo. 148 is adapted to the region of the state indicated by the shaded area of this map. 6 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT S TATION Tab le 2.--Avl'ragC' Perfur mance RCCO l'd Cur tll p Fo ur-Year Per iod 1947, 1048, 1949 , and 1950 Compa r ing Mo . 148 01 . 200~ 13> and AVf'ra~o of Yellow Hybrids . Hybr id Average Mu. 148 II I. 200 u~ S. 13 Acre Mois - LOdged pla nts Ear Yi(>/c! lu re ~Slalk Height Bu . % % 91, Grade NorthC'~on-- ~ aU 17.2 0.7 11. 8 82.4 16.6 0.4 11. 3 84.9 16. 1 1. 5 8.9 Ye llow Ilyhrid s 84.0 16. 1 1.7 8.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.8 C(,Il I I' :l 1 Helfion Mo, 148 7 1.1 17.3 16. 1 6.7 3~H II I. 200 7 1. 4 16.2 16.6 7. 1 3.7 U. S. 13 73.2 16.2 8.6 6.5 3.6 Ye llow Il ybr i<b 73.6 16.4 12.0 5.8 3.6 Mo, 148 S() lI ll~' n HP!; iO'4 69.4 15.7 1 .4 16.6 3. 5 II I. 200 66.9 15.4 13.7 I ~ .5 3.5 IJ. S. 13 69. 2 15. 8 I ~.5 11. 9 3.3 Y" !! nw I ~ids 68. 4 15.8 16.2 14. 2 3.4 BULLETIN 546 7 Ohio C92 (WF9 x 88-11) (Ohio 07 x IIy) Ohio C92 is a midseason yellow hybrid of the same maturity as U. S. 13 and is adapted to the same re-gion of the state. It has many of the good features of U. S. 13 plus the advantage of having more stalk lodging resistance. It is also better suited to harvesting with a mechan-ical picker. Performance records of Ohio C92 and U. S. 13 show that the former appears to have a slight-ly higher yield and less stalk lodg-ing in the Northern and Central re-gions, whereas, in the Southern re-gion, U. S. 13 appears to yield more but has more stalk lodging. Ohio C92, therefore, is not so widely adapted as U. S. 13 and appears to be more specially suited for the Northern half of Missouri. Farmers in the Northern half of the state who like U. S. 13 and har-vest with a mechanical picker, will find Ohio C92 a more desirable hy-brid. Hybrid Ohio C92 is adapted to the region of Mis!IOuri indicated by the shaded area of this map. T il lllt ' :1.- AVl' ra gt.' Pl' dorlllancc H(lC0rd fol' t li (' Four Yl.'ar !'('rioe! 1947, 1!)48, 1949 , and 19!)O Cumpa rlll J,! Ohin C - ~2J U,~. 13_1 and AVf'rag:p s o f Yp llow I-IylJrid ~ . A('rr M()i ~- lodged Plant s Ea)' Hyh rld Yll' lci lu,'" Hool Sla lk Iic iKilt Avpnlt;:,. Du . ('1 11 tXI Grad(' NlJrtlil'f'1l H('~lon -Oilio C-92 B5.5 15.3 0.5 5.3 3.8 U. ~. 13 04.9 10 . 1 1.5 8.9 3.9 Yellow Hyhrid ' 84.0 16.1 1.7 8.4 3.8 '('nt ral n('.[!nn Oilio C - 92 73 .R 15.7 10.6 3.3 3.5 U. ~ . 13 73.2 10.2 B.6 6.5 3.6 Yol low Ilyhrlds 73.6 16.4 12.0 5.8 3.6 Ohio C· 9 2 U. S. 13 Y"lluw Ilthrld s ?outh~'3~on 66.7 15.5 14 .3 8.7 3.2 69.2 15. 8 15.8 13.5 3.3 60.4 15.8 16.2 14 .2 3.4 ----8 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION U. S. Hybrid 85 (WF9 x 38-11) (R4 x Hy) U. S. Hybrid 35 is a midseason yellow hybrid somewhat earlier than U. S. 13. It is desirable for early fall livestock feeding. It is not so high yielding as U. S. 13, since its earliness does not permit it to take full advantage of the growing season. This hybrid is rec-ommended specifically for North-ern Missouri and elsewhere in the state where it is necessary to plant corn very late. Hybrid U. S. 81S is adapted to the region of Missouri indicated by the shaded area of this map. Tault· 4. -- Avcrage Performance Record for the Four- Year P<-rlnd 1947, 1948, 1949, and 1950 Comparing U.S. 35, U. S. 13, and Average of the Ye llow Hyb rids. Ac ,'e Mo is- loci ed Plants Ear Hybr id Yield lure Root Stalk Height Average Du. % % % Grad e North I'll ~eS iOO U. S. 35 79.6 15. .6 8.2 3.4 U. S. 13 84 .9 16.1 1. 5 8.9 3.9 Yellow H brld~ 84 .0 16. _1 _ 1.7 ~4 :lJ!...... BULLETIN 546 9 Kan. 1689 (WF9 x 88-11) (K148 x K150) Kan. 1639 is a midseason yellow hybrid slightly later than U. S. 13 in maturity. It is especially adapt-ed to Northern and Western Mis-souri where it has exceeded U. S. 13 in yields. Although the plants of Kan. 1639 are as tall as those of U. S. 13, the ears are borne lower on the stalk. It has slightly better stalk lodging resistance, drops few-er ears, has better husk cover, and is more drought resistant than U. S. 13. Drought conditions were not prevalent during the past four years but it is assumed that when these conditions again occur Kan. 1639 will be more outstanding than is in-dicated by its recent performance record. Kan. 1639 has a very good appearance and should be liked by farmers who have grown U. S. 13, but desire a lower-eared hybrid with more husk cover and more drought resistance. Hybrid Kan. 1689 has given good per-formance in the region of Missouri indi-cated by the shaded area of this map. Tabl(' ;j . ~ -Av ra p;e Pe rfo rmanc e' I1 rcord ror lhc Fou r -Yea r Period 1947. 1948, 1949, alld 1950 Compar1n~ Kans. I 63!!.J!.:S. 13, a nel Avcn'ge of the Yellow Hybrlels. Acre Mnls - LodH('d PIH I~ Ea r Il rbl'leI Yield lure 1100t Stalk Helghl Av('ragc Bu. % 'f! ~ G,'ade NnrlherliRcllion -Kan". 1639 87.6- 17,2 1.8 7.8 3.5 U. S. 13 84.9 18. 1 1.5 B.9 3.9 Yc llowHybrlds 84.0 16. 1 1.7 8.4 3.8 Kans. 1639 3.8 3.2 U. S. 13 6.5 3.6 Yellow Hybrids 5.8 3.6 Southe 1'0 ~Cg1115 6 . . .8 9.6 2.9 69.2 15.8 15.8 13.5 3.3 68.4 15. 8 16.2 14.2 3.4 10 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Mo. 8 (K4 x B2) (LS x G) Hybrid Mo. 8 is adapted to the region of the stoic indicated by the shaded area of this map. Tabl e- 6,-- A vp r"~~(' Pl'rfufln.Hll':(l Ht'cu J'd ft) r tit £' Fnur- Yrar Pl'r iod 104 7, 1!}4B, 1949, and 1950 Compa ring Mti. 8! M •. ~, U~. 13, & ~V('r:lJ.:l' tlf ~Il' Yellow lIyuri(b. AC'I'{I Mob- U) dt{Ni PIj}lIt ~ Ea r lI yhl'ld Yit' ld lun.~ Root Stalk 1I (1 1 ~ hl . Du . I~ 1, ~racl(.' Ct\nlra i ~l'ltH~ Mo. 0 70.9 IB.B 17.'1 Mo. 148 7 1.1 17.3 16. 1 U. S. 13 73.2 16. 2 8.6 All Ye llow lIyu rid s 13.6 ISA 12.0 . Su uI ~erll Rl1l.!O~ Mll. B 7 1.0 17.2 26. 6 MO. 14B 69.4 15.7 17.4 U. S. 13 69.2 15.8 15.8 All Yellow !'!y 1)J~' 6B.4 15.8 16.2 10.6 6.7 6.5 5.B 17 .5 16.6 13.5 14.2 3.!1 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4 Mo. 8 is a late yellow hybrid adapted to the Southern one-third of Missouri. It has many faults in-cluding a poor root system, frequent stalk lodging, and susceptibility to ear rots. It is an excellent yielder and produces well under adverse conditions. It is very difficult to harvest and to remove the shucks from the ears with a mechanical picker. Seed producers have diffi-culty with the single-cross seed par-ent K4 x B2 which is subject to a high amount of silk cut injury in some seasons. In spite of all the un-desirable traits of Mo. 8, it still is a very popular hybrid in some areas of South west Missouri. BULLETIN 546 11 U. S. 52SW (K55 x K64) (Ky27 x Ky49) U. S. 523W is a late white hy-brid of about the same maturity as the yellow hybrtd Mo. 8. Like U. S. 13, U. S. 523W is the product of the cooperative breeding of the Corn Belt experiment stations and the U. S. Department of Agricul-ture. U. S. 523W is now grown, and is eligible for certification in Kansas, Kentucky, and Missouri. A desirable feature in the produc-tion of double-cross seed of this hy-brid is that the parental s ingle-crosses may be planted at the same time. U. S. 523W has a high yield com-bined with good stalk lodging resist-ance. Its weak root systcm is its poorest feature but it compares fa-vorably with other hybrids of the same maturity in this respect. It usually bears single ears, but will produce two ears per stalk under favorable conditions. Like most white hybrids, it is more difficult to shuck than yellow hybrids, but it can be husked easily with a me-Tabl£' 7.--Avel'a~e Performance l1eco nJ ror th£' Three- Yoar Period 1948, 1949, and 19 50 Co mparing U.S. 523W and Avera 'es of While and Yellow lixb rlds . At'r(' Mols - Lodged IlanlS Ear Hybrid Yield Lur(' Rool Sta lk II Ight Average Bu. % "I 1, Grade ~ern Re&lon U. S. 523W 97 .0 19.2 1.2 4.8 4.5 While Jiybrld s 97. 1 18.7 0.9 4.7 4 .4 Yellow Hybrids 90.6 16.2 0.3 8.5 3.9 Cenlral Re~ion U. S. 523W 93. t 17.6 7.8 4.7 4. 1 WllIte Hybrids 88.3 17 .8 8.3 5.2 3.9 Yellow Hybrid s 80.7 15.9 4.6 7.2 3.7 U. S. 523W Southern ~on 9 T:7l6.'0 12.7 6.5 3.9 White Hybrid s 9 1. 2 16.3 13.6 10. 5 4.1 Yellow H~brlds 78. 1 15.4 8.8 12.1 3.4 Hybrid U. S. 523W is adapted to the region of Missouri indicated by the shaded area of this map. 12 MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION chanical picker. The ears have good shuck coverage and its grain type and quality are very suitable to the white corn milling trade. This hybrid is especially adapt-ed to the Southern half of the state but it may be grown in the North -ern half, providing it is planted rea-sonably early. (At right: Ears of U. S. 523W.) Mo. 804 (01.7 x K4) (88-11 x 0I.2IE) Mo. 804 is a new late yellow hy-brid approximately the same ma-turity as Mo. 8. It was released for the production of double-cross seed on a limited scale in 1950. This hy-brid has been tested for three years in both Central and Southern Mis-souri. During this period, 1948 to 1950, it has an outstanding per-Hybrid Mo. 804 is adapted to the region of the state indicated by the shaded area of thia map. Tahle O.--Pe dormance Record for Co mparing Mo. 804 and ~. R for the Tlu'ec-Ycar Period 1948 [949 & 1950. Acre Moi s- i.JJd!f~d Plants Ear Hyurid Y'cld lure Root Sta l k Height ~v_~ ragc Bu. '{, '~. % Grade Ccntral Rpg ion Mo. 804 H6.8 16.9 6. 1 7.9 4.2 Mo. 8 82.4 18.0 11 .0 11 .8 4. 1 Soulhc r'n Reg Ion Mo . 804 81.7 15. 7.6 11.9 3.8 Mo. 8 74.0 16.5 15.9 16.0 3.6 formance record. In the Central re-gion it averaged four bushels per acre more than Mo. 8 and in the Southern region it averaged 7.7 bushels more corn per acre than Mo. 8. Mo. 804 has about one-half as many root-lodged plants as Mo. 8 and about one-third less stalk-lodged plants. Mo. 804 is much easier to harvest with a mechanical picker. It is more vigorous than Mo. 8 with plant and ears slightly higher than Mo. 8. It is not subject to ear rots, which are so prevalent in Mo. 8. Mo. 804 should be a pop-ular hybrid in Southern Missouri, unless some unforeseeable fault arises. 

Corn hybrids adapted for Missouri

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Missouri: MOspace