Comunicação apresentada na 43rd Annual SEFI Conference,29 june - 02 july 2015, Orléans, Franc

Neto, Pedro

Wankat, P. C.

Williams, Bill

English

Repositório Comum

43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France    Globalization of engineering education research:  Citation Analysis of ASEE and SEFI Conference Papers  B. Williams1, ESTBarreiro, Setubal Polytechnic Institute, Portugal CEG-IST, Universidade de Lisboa,  Portugal bill.williams@estbarreiro.ips.pt  P. C. Wankat Purdue University, West Lafayette,  Indiana USA wankat@ecn.purdue.edu  P. Neto ESTBarreiro, Setubal Polytechnic Institute,  Portugal pedro.neto@estbareiro.ips.pt  Keywords: globalization; engineering education research; citation; bibliometric analysis   INTRODUCTION There has been an increasing focus on the globalization of Engineering Education Research (EER) in recent years and recognising this, in 2007 the editors of the Journal of Engineering Education (JEE) and the European Journal of Engineering Education (EJEE), Jack Lohmann and Jean Michel, respectively, launched a worldwide initiative called Advancing the Global Capacity for Engineering Education Research. In a resulting paper published jointly by EJEE and JEE in 2010 (Jesiek, Borrego & Beddoes, 2010), it was suggested that “the field of engineering education research is going global” and Jesiek and colleagues went on to propose a model whereby engineering education scholarship could advance locally and globally via cycles of translation and enrolment which would connect local practice and contexts with a global core of knowledge. These authors encouraged EER practitioners to “look for opportunities to translate research questions, theories, methods, and findings so they are readable and relevant across national and institutional boundaries”   and urged scholars to “think globally about the development of engineering education as a research field, while acting locally to enrol new actors and perform context-sensitive translations”. However, an analysis of empirical research in leading EER journals up to 2008 (Jesiek et al., 2011)  showed that the majority of published authors in the analysed articles came from the US (36%) with the EU and Australia providing 29% and 23% respectively and the level of international co-authorship was relatively low at 8%. Although we might assume that in the intervening years this trend might have                                                  1 Corresponding Author B. Williams, bill.williams@estbarreiro.ips.pt  43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France   diminished due to increased globalization, we note that a recently published list of the most collaborative co-authors in EER (Strobel et al 2012) contains only US scholars.  Furthermore, a recent analysis of 24,172 papers in engineering education research journals and conference proceedings over the period 2000-2011 (Xian and Madhavan, 2014) has found that in-state collaboration within the US is significantly more frequent than between-state collaboration which again suggests that geographical location can strongly influence how scholars engage in collaboration.  The three empirical studies above focused on the most published authors and those with whom they co-authored but do not provide information on what sources these scholars consulted when carrying out their work.  Even if published research in the principal journals and conferences in the field does come predominantly from US authors, these researchers may nevertheless be becoming more global in their outlook and be considering global sources in their research.  One credible way of detecting such a trend is to analyse the sources cited by authors and that is the approach adopted here. If such a global outlook had already evolved we would assume that EER scholars in different parts of the globe would cite a global range of authors in their publications. However, when the authors tested this hypothesis for two leading archival journals, JEE published by ASEE (American Society of Engineering Education) and EJEE published by SEFI (the European Society of Engineering Education) they found that although the scholars whose work was published in the European journal cited a geographically wide range of authors, those in the US-based JEE tended to predominantly cite US authors (Williams et al, 2014; Wankat et al., 2014).  1 METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE To what extent has EER become global? Given that the number of scholars whose research appears in the proceedings of the annual conferences of SEFI and the ASEE considerably exceeds those published annually in their two journals we had previously studied (Williams et al, 2014), analysis of the conference proceedings should provide a broader and more representative sample of the EER carried out on the two sides of the Atlantic. Hence we carried out a bibliometric analysis of the works cited in recent SEFI and ASEE conference proceedings so as to compile empirical data on the extent to which the scholars presenting at these conferences cite a global range of well-known authors. 2 RESULTS  The cited authors were separated into three groups based on geographic location: US, Europe, and Other (all other countries). Citations of specific well-known authors were counted in all the papers in the ASEE conference proceedings for 2010 and 2014 (1400 and 1700 papers respectively) and SEFI proceedings from 2010 to 2014 inclusive (833 papers in all). Self-citations were not included. Although organisations such as the ASEE, NSF, UNESCO and ABET were frequently referred to in the texts of the papers studied and were also, albeit less frequently, referred to in the references we have opted to confine our quantitative analysis to cited authors rather than organizations.       43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France   Table 1 Most cited authors in SEFI conferences from 2010 to 2014 (833 papers)Author Cites Location Kolmos, A 66 Europe Felder, RM 56 US Biggs, J. 47 Europe De Graaff, E 43 Europe Borrego, M. 42 US Crawley, E. F. 38 US Marton F  30 Europe Johnson, DW & RT 25 US Adams, Robin S. 23 US Kolb, DA 22 US Sheppard, S 22 US Trevelyan, J 21 Other Jesiek, B 20 US Jonassen D H  18 US Prince MJ 17 US Smith, Karl 16 US Atman, C 15 US Bandura A 15 US Brent, R.  15 US Bloom B. S. 13 US Bucciarelli, L 13 US Lucena, J. 13 US Turns, J 12 US Duderstadt 12 US Graham, R.H 12 Europe Willey, K 11 Europe Ohland, M 10 US Bernhard J 10 Europe Baillie, C 10 Other Case, Jennifer 10 Other Gardner, Anne 10 Other Boyer, E. L. 9 US Olds, B 9 US Shuman, L. J. 9 US          Author Cites Location Silverman, LK 9 US Terenzini  TP 9 US Wankat P 9 US Besterfield-Sacre 9 US Douglas, E 8 US Cardella, ME 8 US Krathwohl 8 US Downey, G L 8 US Vygotsky, LS 8 Europe Fraser, Duncan 8 Other Hadgraft R 8 Other Patil,Arun 8 Other Dym, CL 7 US Feisel LD 7 US Kuh, GD 7 US NAE 7 US Streveler, R. 7 US Gibbons M 7 Europe Agogino, A. M. 6 US Bransford, J. R. 6 US Brophy, S. P. 6 US Diefes-Dux 6 US Jenkins A 6 US Litzinger T 6 US Lohmann, J 6 US Pascarella, E. T. 6 US Strobel, J. US 6 US Woods, DR   6 Other McGourty, J. 6 US Anderson, L. W.  5 US Cox, M. F.  US 5 US Froyd J 5 US Lindsay, E 5 Other Nair , C S 5 Other Oakes, W. C. 5 US Pawley 5 US Perry, W. G. 5 US Radcliffe D. F. 5 US Schon, D. A.  5 US Finelli, C. J. 5 US      43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France   Table 2: Geographical breakdown of the most cited authors SEFI 2010 - 2014  US  Cites  European Cites  Other Cites Location Felder, RM 56  Kolmos, A 66  Trevelyan, J 21 Australia Borrego, M. 42  Biggs, J. 47  Willey, K 11 Australia Crawley, E. F. 38  De Graaff, E 43  Baillie, C 10 Australia Johnson, D & R 25  Marton F  30  Case, J 10 S. Africa Adams, R. S. 23  Graham, R.H 12  Gardner, A 10 Australia Kolb, D A 22  Bernhard J 10  Fraser, D 8 S. Africa Sheppard, S 22  Vygotsky, LS 8  Hadgraft R 8 Australia Jesiek, B 20  Gibbons M 7  Patil, A 8 Australia Jonassen D H  18  Jenkins A 6  Woods, DR 6 Canada Prince MJ 17  Alpay, E          4  Lindsay, E 5 Australia Smith, Karl 16  Azapagic, A. 4  Nair , C S 5 Australia Atman, C 15  Gill J 4  Brodie L 4 Australia Bandura A 15  Lehmann, M.  4  Rugarcia, A    4 Mexico Brent, R.  15     Scott, G 4 Australia Bloom B. S. 13     Shallcross, D  4 Australia Bucciarelli, L 13        Lucena, J. 13        Turns, J 12        Duderstadt 12        Ohland, M 10        Boyer, E. L. 9        Olds, B 9        Shuman, L. J. 9        Silverman, LK 9        Terenzini  TP 9        Wankat 9        Besterfield-Sacre 9        Douglas, E 8        Cardella, ME 8        Krathwohl 8        Downey, G L 8        Dym, CL 7        Feisel LD 7        Kuh, GD 7        Streveler, R. 7        Lohmann, J 6        Agogino, A. M. 6        Bransford, J. R. 6        Brophy, S. P. 6        Diefes-Dux 6            43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France   Table 3 Most cited authors for the 2010 ASEE conference (1,400 papers)  2010  Authors Cites Location Felder, RM 177 US Sheppard, S 76 US Bransford, J. R. 72 US Atman, C 63 US Bloom B. S. 52 US Ohland, M 52 US Johnson, DW & RT 48 US Smith, Karl 48 US Shuman, L. J. 45 US Brent, R.  44 US Terenzini  TP 43 US Prince MJ 42 US Miller, R. L. 40 US Seymour, E 40 US Bandura A 39 US Besterfield-Sacre M 39 US Dym, CL 38 US Wankat, P 34 US Adams, Robin S. 32 US Pascarella, E. T. 30 US Olds, B 29 US Brophy, S. P. 28 US Oakes, W. C. 27 US Astin, AW 27 US McGourty, J.  27 US Silverman, LK 26 US Woods, DR  Canada 26 Other (Canada) Hewitt, N. M. 25 US Froyd J 24 US Agogino, A. M. 23 US Litzinger T 23 US Rogers, G 23 US Eccles, J. S. 21 US Latucca, L. R.  21 US Oreovicz, F 21 US Streveler, R. 21 US Turns, J 21 US Lesh, R. A.  20 US Cross, N 18 Europe Duderstadt 18 US Vygotsky, LS 17 Europe    43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France   Table 4 Most cited authors for the 2014 ASEE conference (1,700 papers)  2014  Authors Cites Location Felder, RM 242 US Sheppard, S 115 US Ohland, M 94 US Adams, Robin S. 87 US Smith, Karl 87 US Prince MJ 85 US Borrego, M. 84 US Bransford, J. R. 74 US Dym, CL 73 US Brent, R.  73 US Bandura A 66 US Miller, R. L. 65 US Terenzini  TP 55 US Atman, C 54 US Turns, J 54 US Cardella, ME 49 US Oakes, W. C. 48 US Johnson, DW & RT 48 US Olds, B 48 US Kuh, GD 47 US Shuman, L. J. 47 US Agogino, A. M. 46 US Jonassen D H 46 US Froyd J 44 US Bloom B. S. 43 US Streveler, R. 43 US Besterfield-Sacre M 43 US Brown, A. L. 43 US Cocking, R. R. 42 US Astin, AW 39 US Seymour, E 38 US Eccles, J. S. 37 US Strobel, J. 34 US Pascarella, E. T. 32 US Kolb, DA 31 US Litzinger T 31 US Finelli, C. J. 31 US Brophy, S. P. 30 US Silverman, LK 28 US Woods, DR  28 Other (Canada) Krathwohl 28 US Downey, G L 27 US  43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France             3 DISCUSSION Tables 3 and 4 show that citations in ASEE conferences were overwhelmingly dominated by sources with US affiliations, which does not support the globalization hypothesis.  On the other hand, the SEFI data (Tables 1 and 2) show that while US sources are the most cited, European and Other authors are also well represented.   It is interesting to note that Richard Felder is the most cited scholar in both ASEE conferences as was the case in the authors’ analysis of highly-cited authors in EJEE and JEE (Williams et al, 2014) as indeed in Wankat’s 2004 list of most-cited authors (Wankat, 2004). In the SEFI conferences Felder is the second most referenced scholar while Anette Kolmos was the most cited. We could conclude that Felder’s work on active and collaborative learning is highly influential on both sides of the Atlantic while Kolmos’ work on PBL (project and problem based learning) is a major reference for European scholars.  4 CONCLUSION The short answer to the question posed in section 1 is that in citation terms, European EER is global but US EER is not. Establishing the causes for this situation represents an important challenge for future research - one which needs to be addressed if EER is to evolve as a truly global field of inquiry.  REFERENCES Borrego, M., & Bernhard, J. (2011) "The emergence of engineering education research as an internationally connected field of inquiry." Journal of Engineering Education, 100, 14 - 47.  Jesiek, B. K., M. Borrego & K. Beddoes (2010) Advancing Global Capacity for Engineering Education Research (AGCEER): Relating Research to Practice, Policy, and Industry. Journal of Engineering Education, 99, 107-119.  Jesiek, B.K., Borrego, M., Beddoes, K., Hurtado, M., Rajendran, P., & Sangam, D. (2011). Mapping Global Trends in Engineering Education Research, 2005–2008. International Journal of Engineering Education, 27(1), 77–90.  Strobel J., Radcliffe D. F., Yu J.H., Nawaz S., Luo Y.D. and Choi J.H.,  (2012) Is the Engineering Education Community Becoming More Interdisciplinary?, Proceedings of the 2012 ASEE Annual Conference  Stice, J. E. 24 US Harding, T. S. 24 US Cross, N  23 Europe Hewitt, N. M. 23 US Newstetter, WC 23 US McKenna, A 23 US Vygotsky, LS  22 Europe Wankat P 22 US  43rd Annual SEFI Conference  June 29 - July 2, 2015 Orléans, France    Wankat, P. C. (2004) Analysis of the First Ten Years of the Journal of Engineering Education, Journal of Engineering Education  93, 13-21.  Wankat, P.C. Williams B. and Neto P., (2014) Engineering education research in European Journal of Engineering Education and Journal of Engineering Education: citation and reference discipline analysis, European Journal of Engineering Education 39, 1, 7 - 17.   Williams, B.; Neto, P.; Wankat, P. C.; Tiago, C., (2014), Is Engineering Education Research Global? The Answer May Surprise You, Proceedings of the 121st Annual Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education, Indianapolis  Xian, H. and Madhavan, K. “Anatomy of scholarly communication in engineering education: A big-data bibliometric analysis”. Journal of Engineering Education, 103 (3) July 2014.   

Globalization of engineering education research: citation Analysis of ASEE and SEFI Conference Papers

https://comum.rcaap.pt/bitstream/10400.26/10270/1/SEFI2015_Globalization%20of%20EER.pdf

Globalization of engineering education research: citation Analysis of ASEE and SEFI Conference Papers

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Repositório Comum