This paper has the main purpose to compile and highlight the first data obtained from
experimental studies on docμmented reconstructions of gilded composites performed within a
research project on gilding materials and techniques in Portugal (www.gilt-teller.pt) funded by
FCT. Two water gilding recipes were appropriately chosen from the treatises written by the
Portuguese Filipe Nunes (1615) and José Lopes Baptista de Almada (1749) as being
representative for Baroque époque. Based on these recipes, the production of raw materials -
“gesso grosso”, “gesso fino”, bole, animal glue (from lamb and goat skins) - was made as
faithful as possible. Their application was then performed in laboratory following the
indications given by these authors or by treatises of previous époques (e.g. the Bolognese
treatise for thawing leather), on plane and curved wooden supports (pine and oak species)
using three types of leaf: gold (Au/Ag/Cu) of 22 and 23.75 karat respectively and silver. After
the completion of gilding, the samples’ surfaces were divided into areas and on each different
finishing layers (wax, animal glue size) and decorations (punching, “esgrafitado”, “estofado”)
were applied. An analytical campaign using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) on surfaces and cross sections, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microcomputerized
tomography (microCT) and colorimetry (CIEL*a*b*) was undertaken in order to
characterize the gilded composites and to assess the faithfulness of the reproductions in the
laboratory. Correlations between the information given by the recipes and the composition and
stratigraphical patterns of the reconstructions can be established. Furthermore, the study aims
to highlight the difficulties encountered in analyzing real samples and comparing the results
with those from reproductions as the number and types of layered materials are not always
reproducible. A critical approach is needed and criteria for faithful reproduction of ancient
recipes are suggested
