Abreu, M.C.

Almeida, JA

Bento, O

Freire, JB

Lança, MJ

Martins, JM

Riottot, M

Viegas-Crespo, AM

Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora

 Copyright © 2005 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org Journal of Lipid Research Volume 46, 2005 1539 Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary blue lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius  L.) in intact and ileorectal anastomosed pigs José M. Martins, 1, * Michel Riottot, †  Manuel C. de Abreu, §  Ana M. Viegas-Crespo,**Maria J. Lança, §  José A. Almeida, §  João B. Freire, ††  and Ofélia P. Bento § Laboratório de Metabolismo Animal,* Instituto de Ciências Agrárias Mediterrânicas /Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie de la Nutrition-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, †  Bâtiment 447, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; Departamento de Zootecnia, §  Universidade de Évora, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal; Centro de Biologia Ambiental/Departamento de Biologia Animal,** Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, 1740-016 Lisboa, Portugal; and Departamento de Produção Agrícola e Animal, ††  Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract The present study was undertaken to investigatethe effect of cholesterol-enriched casein (CAS) and blue lupinseed (BL) diets on the cholesterol metabolism of intact (INT)and ileorectal anastomosed (IRA) pigs. For 3 weeks, fourgroups of six pigs were allocated to the treatments (CAS-INT, CAS-IRA, BL-INT, and BL-IRA). Diet-induced hyper-cholesterolemia was inhibited by the BL through a substan-tial decrease in plasma LDL-cholesterol. The BL also reducedliver esterified and total cholesterol, increased hepatic LDLreceptor synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity, andstimulated intestinal bile acid reabsorption. The neutral ste-rol output was higher in BL- than in CAS-fed pigs. The bileacid output was lower in IRA than in INT pigs. Surgery alsoprevented steroid microbial transformation, but it did notinfluence plasma cholesterol levels.  These results suggestthat the hypocholesterolemic effect of the BL, compared withthe CAS, is attributable to impaired intestinal cholesterolabsorption, probably involving increased bile acid reabsorp-tion and higher contents of dietary phytosterols, both fac-tors that reduce the micellar solubilization of cholesterol.Furthermore, according to our data, the contribution of thelarge intestine to cholesterol metabolism is very weak. —Martins, J. M., M. Riottot, M. C. de Abreu, A. M. Viegas-Crespo, M. J. Lança, J. A. Almeida, J. B. Freire, and O. P.Bento.  Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary blue lupin ( Lu-pinus angustifolius  L.) in intact and ileorectal anastomosedpigs.  J. Lipid Res.  2005.  46:  1539–1547. Supplementary key words pulses  •  phytosterols  •  dietary fiber  •  he-patic enzymes  •  steroid output  •  steroid reabsorption Hypercholesterolemia and its implications for cardio-vascular diseases is a major problem in human health, andmuch attention has been paid to dietary intervention as atool for its prevention and treatment (1). Legumes have shown hypocholesterolemic effects in human and animalmodels (2–4), but these studies have mainly been done withsoybean or its components. Therefore, studies involvingother legumes, such as lupins, may clarify the mechanism bywhich plasma cholesterol is reduced and lead to the iden-tification of new functional foods and/or components.Seeds of several species of lupins have been used asfood for  . 3,000 years in the Mediterranean area (5). Thesebitter seeds had to be soaked in water before consump-tion, to remove most of their alkaloid content (6). Fromthe second half of the 20th century onward, low-alkaloidvarieties of white lupin ( Lupinus albus ), yellow lupin ( Lupi-nus luteus ), and blue lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius ) have beendomesticated and selected (7). In 2004, sweet varieties ofthese three species were mainly cultivated in several partsof Australia, Europe, and South America (8) and used forfeed and food applications. Blue lupin seeds have highernonstarch polysaccharide (6) and protein contents than soy-bean, with a similar amino acid profile (9). Their use in thefood industry is being developed, and lupins are begin-ning to replace soybean in products such as tempe, miso,fermented sauces, and cooked snack foods (6). Lupin-basedfiber supplements, cookies, bread, and spaghetti, with ahigh sensory quality, are also reported (10).No studies have been undertaken to test the effect ofblue lupin seeds on cholesterol metabolism in the pig, ananimal model with a plasma lipid profile similar to that ofhuman, which responds markedly to hyperlipidemic diets(11). Moreover, although the role of the small intestine incholesterol metabolism is well documented (12, 13), therole of the large intestine and its microflora is still unclear. Abbreviations: BL, blue lupin seed diet; CAS, casein diet; CYP7A1,cholesterol 7 a -hydroxylase; CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase; GLC, gas-liquid chromatography; INT, intact; IRA, ileorectal anastomosed. 1  To whom correspondence should be addressed.e-mail: jmartins@uevora.pt Manuscript received 5 November 2004 and in revised form 11 April 2005.Published, JLR Papers in Press, April 16, 2005.DOI 10.1194/jlr.M500129-JLR200

Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in intact and ileorectal anastomosed pigs.

Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in intact and ileorectal anastomosed pigs.

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