A heterogram is a word with no repeated letters.  Residual heterograms are made by discarding letter repeats in words and then rearranging the remaining letters to form a word.  Words with repeated letters can be divided into

Thorpe, Susan

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RESIDUAL HETEROGRAMS SUSAN THORPE Great Mlssenden, Buckinghamshire, England A heferogram is a word with no repeated letters. Residual heferograms are made by discarding letter repeats in words and then rearranging the remaining letters to form a word. Words with repeated letters can be diVIded into • those whIch do not have an equal number of each different letter • those with an equal number of each different letter: pair isograms (two of each letter), trio Isograms (three of each letter), etc Let us add the constraint that a word must have at least two different letters which are repeated. The editor notes that resIdual heterograms are known as letter banks in the National Puzzlers' League. Puzzles based on thIS concept were introduced by Will Shortz at their 1980 annual • conventIOn Residual Heterograms of Words Which Are Not Pair or Trio Isograms Eliminattng an 0 and an I from OTHELLO makes THELO which rearranges into HOTEL Readers might like to try starting with a phrase or name. Thus STAR TREK makes STREAK or SKATER and ROSS ECKLER makes LOCKERS. Here are more single-word examples . Most of the words can be found in the OED Second Edition . Subtracted repeats are shown in lower case. Words with two different repeated letters STAMMERS - ms = master, stream GOOGO L - goo = log TABULATE - at = betula (birch) RUBBERS - br = rebus SYLLABLES - Us = basely ACROSTICS - cs = Caistor MNEMONICS - mn = incomes Words with three different repeated letters RECREATIONAL - aer = c1arionet EPHEMEROPTERA - = metaphor DODECAHEDRON - ddeo = anchored TRANSDELETION - ent = stemoidal GLENEAGLES - eegl = angels 36 LINGUISTS - Is = lusting AMSTERDAM - am = smarted SENSELESS - eesss = lens CASSELL - Is = scale, laces ARGENTINA - an = granite ALPHABETICAL - aal = pitchable REVERSAL - er = salver TORPEDOERS - eor = sported MISSISSIPPI - iiipsss = imps SENTENCES - eens = scent RECIPIENCE - cei = prince DETROfTER - ert = rioted, editor Words with four different repeated letters ASSEGAAlING - aaigs = easing GREAT BRITAIN - airt = berating Words with five different repeated letters RENEGOTIATIONS - einot = orangiest INTERSECTIONS - einst = corniest Words with six different repeated letters ANNIVERSARIES - aeinrs = ravines TRILITERALNESS - eilrst = entrails 37 PERPETRATE - eeprt = taper ALLITERATION - ailt = oriental PARTICIPATOR - aiprt = apricot SECRET ARIA TS - aerst = raciest SEMI-RETIREMENTS - eeeirnrst = minster TRANSADDITIONS - adinst = intrados Caistor is in Linconshire, and Gleneagles in Scotland; assegaaiing is found in Chambers. The letters of the residual heterogram may occur in the same order as in the original word: UNDERGROUND - drnu = undergo TENNESSEE - eeens = tens SOONNESS - noss = ones INTENSEST - enst = inset PARTICIPLE - ip = particle SIMILIES - iis = smile CROSSWORDS - orss = crowds BARBARA - aabr = bra Best of all , the original word may give rise to an apposite word. APPELLEE - eelp = plea NEWSP APER - ep = enwraps Residual Heterograms of Words Which Are Pair or Trio Isograms In spite of the not-inconsiderable space devoted to pair isograms in Word Ways, it appears that little attention has been paid to the two identical groups of letters which actually make the pair isograms (ABIL + ABIL for the pair isogram BILABIAL). Below is a selection of pair isograms with one of their two identical groups of letters discarded and the other made into a well-known heterograrn. Heterograms whose letters appear in the same order as in the pair isogram are marked with an asterisk . Occasionally an entire heterograrn appears as such in the pair isogram from which it is derived, such as SOME in MESOSOME, a word which could be said to be a twosome! J do not include these particular heterograms in the list below. The pair isograms listed below fall into two groups, those in which the letters in the first half of the word are repeated in the second half in a different order (REAPPEAR), and those in which this is not the case (APPEASES). Pair isograrns which are also palindromes or tautonyms are not included. Only pair isograrns with eight or more letters are considered. Letters in first half repeated in second half 8 BILABIAL bail* ADINIDAN Dina* NOTITION into REAPPEAR pare, rape* SHAMMASH hams* 10 HORSESHOER shore INTESTINES inset SUPERPURES purse 14 TAENIODONTIDAE adonite, on a diet SHIPPISH hips* SINGINGS gins* TEAMMATE meat, tame* TEISTfES site 38 Letters m first half not repeated in second half 8 APPEASES apes* CO CISlO S coins*, icons MILLIEME Emil, lime*, mile* RATIAREE rate*, tear, tare* TfTANIAN Tina* UNENDUED dune, nude VIVIENNE vein, veni, vine* 12 CANCELLANSES cleans, lances CHARACTERETH hectar, Thrace CONOCUNEUSES ounces, Unesco GRADGRINDlAN daring lNTERlNSERTS nitre, trine* 16 ANTIPERSPlRANTES painters, pantries 10 ARRAIGNING grain INSClENCES since* MAAMSELLES males*, meals, Salem REPROPOSES pores, poser, prose*, ropes, * spore RETARDATED rated*, trade -RlVERVlLLE liver, viler TESSELLAT A least, slate, tales TOOL-STEELS stole TROMOMETER metro 14 SCINTILLESCENT clients, stencil 16 ESOPHAGOGRAPHERS hog-spear For the record, charactereth (under ' character '), conocuneuses, maamselles, rereigning, teisties (under 'tystie ') and tool-steels (under ' tool' n.) are in the OED Second Edition; concisions, gradgrindian, insciences and interinserts are in Webster ' s Second; cancellanses is in Webster' s Third; tesseLlata is in omenclator Zoologicus; and Riverville is in the Times Index-Gazetteer of the World. FinaUy, turning to the twelve-letter pa ir isogram TRANSNlSTRlA (in the Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, 1964), 10 and behold we discover that it takes two TRAINS to reach TRANSNtS=fRlA, a former Romanian admin istrative division organised in the occupied Ukraine during 1941 to 1943. 

Residual Heterograms

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Residual Heterograms

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