My knowledge of the history of word ladders comes from two books  The Magic of Lewis Carroll  by John Fisher (1973), and  The Oxford Guide to Word Games  by Tony Augarde (1984).  It is not necessary to describe word ladders to the readers of Word Ways; in any event the concept should be ovbious from the examples.  Carroll started writing about what he called Doublets in 1879; he had originally called them Word Links.  The idea, of course, is to find the shortest ladder between a pair of words

Gordon, Leonard J.

English

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228 IS ENGLISH GEMATRiA? BARRY CHAMISH OnlJerusalem, Israel 75. nUlGematria is an ancient, arithmetically-based method of decipher-_ ing the Torah. Joshua S. Persky, an American-born Israeli, is con­ 1 vinced that the principles of gematria are invaluable for letting ed the linguist peek into a subconscious basis for the formation of an English words and phrases. Writing under the pseudonym of Peter etc :<. Peterson, he develops this thesis by example in English is Ge­ cof matria (Apocalypse Press, Jerusalem, 1988). If he is right, then a radical new linguistic theory has been proposed. cal One of the core principles of gematria is the numerical equiva­ ha~ lence of words. The first nine Hebrew letters (aleph through teth) But are given values 1 through 9, and the additional fourteen are la­ em1 beled 10, 20, ... , 140. The combined total of the letters in a word uni revea Is its numerical meaning. Transferred to English by Persky, eql A IS worth 1, B, 2, and so on until Z which is worth 26. The work cir' make has a numerical value of 13 for M, 1 for A, 11 for K and 5 for E, or a value of 30. Using the same system, the value of care is also 30 and thus is the numerical equivalent of make. Ge­matria scholars would aver that this is no coincidence, and that bac there is some relationship between make and care. on AUfAlthough gematria has been used as a method of Torah interpret­aation by Hebrew scholars for two thousand years, can it be applied "Cc to a different language such as English? Persky obviously believes int, so. Let us begin with some of Persky I s religious English gematrias: eXt lord =: 44 = faith deus = 49 =: lord unlmadonna == 62 =: magdalene wh­divine =: 63 =: godly An<Israel = 64 = Zion forJesus = 74 = messiah = cross = Joshua son [of] God Christ =: 77 =: power = glory heretical = 81 = godless =: blaspheme OWl ma1immoral = 81 = sinful not old testament =: 148 =: scriptures son [of] Mary =: 105 = mother [of] God rna' jThe reader is invited to do the calculations himself. Persky 's counting is correct, and he continues to find additional numerica 1 tha equivalents in the Christian scriptures. But Perksy also claims ly secular word formation was no less aided by an unconscious need dOl roofor balance and order in written and spoken communication: WOIlock =: 41 =: key 229 plague = 62 = disease = cholera finite = 63 = limit nuclear = 74 = energy truth = 87 = justice = punish = vindicate legendary = 91 = mythical mathematical = 106 :: arithmetic senseless = 117 = irrational clairvoyance = 128 = telekinesis One striking	 juxtaposition is genius and madness, both scoring 75. As the title of Persky I s book is meant to suggest, English is numerically equivalent to gematria~:::ipher­is con­ Persky is equally convinced that the phrases we create are guid­letting ed for this need for order: death and decay are equivalent, as tion of a re cold and damp, odds and ends, thick and thin, down a nd out, f Peter etc. Other equivalents include shell and shock, bird and seed, is Ge­ coffee and cup, busy and work, and ja 11 and cell. ., then The Hebrew gematria is based on far more complicated ma themati­cal concepts than mere numerical pairings of words, and Persky !quiva­ has not yet explored English gematria beyond such equivalences. ~ teth) But he is convinced that when he goes looking, he'll not return 1re la­ empty-handed. For example, the circumference of the circle with a word unit radius is equal to 2n. This can be translated into a gemat ric )ersky, equivalent: Circle = 50 = 2 x 25 = 2(pi). Further, the area of the ~ work circle with unit radius is n, which becomes area :: 25 = pi. K and * 9.1ue of e. Ge­	 To find out if Persky is onto something, 1 visited Yaacov Auer­d	 that bach of Jerusalem, considered by many to be the leading expert on gematria in Israel and certainly one of the top few in the world. Auerbach leafed through Persky I s book and declared it "ingenious,rpret­a wonderful exercise". Then he asked "ls he serious?" I repliedplied "Completely. He	 believes gematria may be the basis of all languageli.eves interpretation."	 At this point Auerbach, in a good-natured way,nas: expressed his	 doubts. "Take his example of pi and circle. Pi is a Greek word, and unless the Greek word kyklos is the numerical equivalent of pi, which it is not, he's transposing foreign words into his theory. And what of French or Spanish? Do his examples in EnglIsh work for the same words in other languages?" Persky I s answer to this is no. He adds "Each language has its own reality, a unique set of perceptions that go into its word for­mation. Think of my theory like this: before Freud, dreams were not considered subconscious messages. I ~elieve all languages are ·mathematically based and words are n~eir subconscious messages.">'3 .. sky's Auerbach expressed a second doubt~ "Hebrew has an ancient text "rical that has not changed through the ages. English has been constant­laims ly changing and really is a Latin-Germanic cocktail. Take the word need	 doubt. What's that B doing there? It's there because the Latin root is dubitum. Or daughter. What's that GH doing in there? The word is from the Sanskrit duhitar and not a product of unique 230 English thinking at all. Hebrew has no vowels, no wasted letters, and is founded on a constant set of strict rules. The Hebrew lan­guage is prophetic while English is phonetic. The era of prophets lasted only a thousand years, ending with the Greek conquest of ancient lsrael. It is based on prophetic principles and that I s what makes Hebrew so unique and why gematria can only be applied to it. It This is not the place to discuss Hebrew gematria in deta il. The reader is directed to Gutman Locks I s book The Spice of Torah-Gema­tria (judaica Press, New York, 1985), which states (in the Intro­duction) "Gematria provides a method of converting words into num­bers and/or numbers into words, thereby revealing relationships between words." His first example concerns Jacob's dream of Para­dise on earth. Jacob awakes and remarks "There is God in this place." Where is the place? When the letters of Jacob's utterance a re computed, the tc:ta 1 is 541, the total of the letters contained in Israel. Sometimes the number of letters in a word also plays a role. In the first generation of jews, Abraham, lsaac and jacob are com­posed of 13 letters in Hebrew while their wives. Sarah, Rivka and Rachel also total 13 letters. 13 plus 13 totals 26, the numerical value of Yahweh, God's holiest name. At a religious jewish meal, the blessing of the bread is followed by the dipping of the bread in salt three times. This is because the name Yahweh has a value of 26 which, multiplied by 3, results in 78, the numerical value for both bread and salt. Auerbach then raised a third objection to Persky's work. "Look a t the small numbers he's working with. You I re bound to get coin­cidences within such a small range. Gematria is far beyond acci­dent." When I asked him for examples, he pointed out that there are 70 nations mentioned in Chapter 10 of Genesis. The total num­erica 1 value of the names of these nations, p lu s the names of Ab­raham, Isaac and jacob, and their wives Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel and Leah plus the Twelve Tribes is 4900, or 70 times 70. Then Auerbach related to me his personal favorite. The blessing of the bride in the Torah, found in Rebecca, consists of 15 words with a total numerical value of 4662. The blessing of the groom in the Torah, found in Ruth, also consists of 15 words with a nu­merical value of 4662! "These are huge numbers," concluded Auer­bach, "and they defy the la ws of coincidence." The case for English gematria, at least in Auerbach's eyes, has not yet been proven. Persky concedes that gematria works best for the Torah, but insists that it can be applied to other languages as well. "Languages are not entirely arbitrary. There are subtle equa tions beneath the appa rent chaos, and gematria reveals much about the processes that went into the formation of English, even if the mathematics weren't deliberate like those of the Torah." If Persky I s work is proven true, even in pa rt, the study of Eng­lish will be very different in the future. 

Lewis Carroll\u27s Word Ladders

https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3456&amp;context=wordways

Lewis Carroll\u27s Word Ladders

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