[Abstract] Very old palaeosurfaces have been identified and dated in several parts of the former Gondwana and Laurasia. In Australia the separation from Antarctica was complete by the end of the Eocene so that any surface of earliest Tertiary and certainly of Mesozoic age can be regarded as Gondwanan. Similarly, in the Northern Hemisphere, Laurasia existed from the end ofthe Carboniferous to the Jurassic so that any landscape elements older than]urassic can be regarded as Laurasian.The ages of these ancient surfaces have been determined in various
ways and with various degrees ofconfidence, but correlative deposits associated
with the widespread Early Cretaceous marine transgression , and the relationship
of land surfaces to Cretaceous shorelines and Early Tertiary volcanic extrusions, or regolithic veneers have proved especially useful. Faulting of known age has also_been used though it tends to give dates that are too young ,for the dislocated surfaces.
Many exhumed surfaces have been preserved by burial, but epigene-etch features like those ofthe Gawler Ranges, Hamersley Ranges and the Arnhemland Massif (Kakadu) have stood as uplands throughout the Cainozoic with little change. The same is true of the remnants of planation surfaces of the Iberian elements ofthe Hesperian Massif. Epigene-etch surfaces ofMesozoic age are also reported from southern and West Africa, from southern India and from the Guyana Craton ofSouth America. In addition, epigene-etch features, as well as exhumed features ofvarious ages, are, increasingly, being recognised from the Laurasian components of Pangaea, for instance in the Linares-Ubeda region in the south of Iberian Peninsula, so that it is possible to refer to the Pangaean inheritance.
These survival can in sorne measure be explained in terms oftheir being uplands,
but obviously the conventional models of landscape evolution need to be reconsidered
