[Abstract] New biomolecular methods allow us to reach the ancient DNA preserved in fossil bones. This paper shows first extractions of this genetic material in cave bear bones (Ursus spelaeus ) from Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula). The sequence of mtDNA that we have got is similar to published data from French fossils (HÄNNI, 1994), although future studies will let us determinate how different the populations of this extint species are