For purposes of this chapter, we accept Vrij\u27s (2000) definition of deception as a successful or unsuccessful deliberate attempt, without forewarning, to create in another a belief which the communicator considers to be untrue (p.6). Deception is a ubiquitous human behavior. DePaulo and her colleagues (DePaulo & Kashy, 1998; DePaulo, Kashy, Kirkendol, Wyer, & Epstein, 1996; Kashy & Depaulo, 1996) studied deception in naturalistic settings and found that during interpersonal interactions of 10 minutes or longer, people lied on average twice a day. Deception is used in quarter of interactions with others, and on average, a person lies to 34% of the people interacted with during an average week. Robinson, Shepherd, and Heywood (1998) reported that 83% of the university undergraduates surveyed said they would like to get a job
