This study presents the first record of L. oceanica in the Canary Islands. Additionally, body features between L. oceanica and Ligia italica Fabricius, 1798, the other sea-slater inhabiting the Archipelago, were compared

Ramírez, Rubén

Riera, Rodrigo

Repository of the University of the Azores

First record of Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Isopoda: Ligiidae) in the Canary Islands

Repositório da Universidade dos Açores

      Arquipelago - Life and Marine Sciences   ISSN: 0873-4704 SHORT COMMUNICATION First record of Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Isopoda: Ligiidae) in the Canary Islands  RUBÉN RAMÍREZ & RODRIGO RIERA Ramírez, R. & R. Riera 2013. First record of Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Isopoda: Ligiidae) in the Canary Islands. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 30. Rubén Ramírez (email: mailrubenramirez@yahoo.es) Research Centre for Biodiversity and Environmental Management (BIOGES), Faculty of Marine Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, ES-35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Rodrigo Riera, Centro de Investigaciones Medioambientales del Atlántico, Arzobispo Elías Yanes, 44, ES-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain & Dept. of Biodiversity, Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Doha, Qatar.INTRODUCTION The order Isopoda includes about 10,000 marine, freshwater and terrestrial species (Brusca & Brusca 2005). Approximately half of these are terrestrial and belong to the suborder Oniscidea. Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus, 1767), commonly known as “sea-slater”, is the largest species in this suborder. Its distribution includes Iceland (Ingolfsson 1996), Norway (Kronberg 1988), Sweden (Granovitch & Mikhailova 2004), British Isles (Hewitt 1907; Newell 1986), France (Cloudsley-Thompson 1958), Spain (Castelló & Junoy 2007), Portugal (Nobre 1938), Morocco (Nicholls 1931; Cloudsley-Thompson 1958), NE United States (Dexter 1959) and the Azores (Morton et al. 1998). However, this sea-slater had not been documented in the Canary Islands until now (Castelló & Junoy 2007), despite being easily visible (a body size > 30 mm), inhabiting accessible areas (i.e. supralittoral and upper inter-tidal area) and found along the adjacent Moroc-can coast.      This study presents the first record of L. oceanica in the Canary Islands. Additionally, body features between L. oceanica and Ligia it-alica Fabricius, 1798, the other sea-slater inhabit-ing the Archipelago, were compared.   MATERIAL AND METHODS L. oceanica (Fig. 1) was only recorded in the ma-rina area at Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (28° 07’ 36.22” N – 15° 25’ 30.95” W), although its pres-ence was checked in other similar places, such as the harbour at Santa Cruz de Tenerife (28° 28’ 38.42’’ N – 16° 14’ 29.71’’ W). This isopod was also not found in several analysed rocky shores in Gran Canaria (e.g. Taliarte or Arinaga).     Sampling was carried out at low tide and specimens obtained from crevices and holes in the marina walls. They were measured using Vernier calipers, from the anterior part to the last segment of the abdominal region, excluding uro-pods. Some specimens of L. italica, collected in La Isleta (28° 09’ 56.33’’ N – 15° 26’ 28.01’’ W, Gran Canaria), were similarly measured for com-parison with L. oceanica specimens. Samples were identified by Dr. Juan Junoy (University of Alcalá, Spain).  RESULTS Both species of Ligia showed an oval-shaped body, big eyes and large antennas reaching two thirds of the body length (Fig. 1). Their abdominal       Ligia oceanica in the Canary Islands   Fig. 1. Dorsal view of the isopod Ligia oceanica (A) and Ligia italica (B). In C, an individual of L. italica is shown with a reference scale. segments were clearly demarcated and uropods were large; each with two long rami that were either symmetric or the internal ramus longer than the external one. They exhibited various shades and intensities of brown, grey, olive green which changed after being captured. On the other hand, L. oceanica showed, in appearance, a more robust body than that of L. italica besides a significant difference in size (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01). Sizes ranged from 20-35mm in L. oceanica (n = 5) to 7-10 mm in L. italica (n = 6).  DISCUSSION The discovery of L. oceanica along the Canary shores extends its southern distribution range in the Atlantic Ocean. Its restricted presence to one marina suggests the species recent arrival in the Canaries. Possibly, the vector of its introduction has been through ballast water discharges, as sug-gested for the Azores (Morton & Britton 2000, Cardigos et al. 2006). Another possibility could be transportation within one of the numerous rec-reational ships arriving in the Canaries from all over Europe. The recorded specimens here have already reached a similar size range to that ob-served by Dexter (1959) on the west coast of the Atlantic (from newly hatched to 32 mm), and Hewitt (1907; 32-34 mm) or Nicholls (1931; 20-31 mm) in the British Isles.      Body size was the main difference between both species of Ligia. Their behaviour was also dissimilar despite sharing the same habitat. L. italica tolerates immersion periods and its move-ments are closely related to tidal height (Daven-port 1994), whereas L. oceanica avoids immer-sion periods and is more active at night (Nicholls 1931). When L. oceanica was captured, during the day at low tide, it also exhibited moderate activity.      On the other hand, competition for space and food could occur between both Ligia species if rocky shores are colonised by L. oceanica. This occurrence could potentially modify food webs since such isopod can become a new food-resource for birds and crabs, which are their main predators (e.g. Nicholls 1931). Therefore, long-term ecological studies are necessary to assess future changes in spreading of L. oceanica.          Ramírez & Riera  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  We thank Cristina Gibert and Juan Junoy for their help in collecting specimens and taxonomic iden-tification, respectively. Also, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the communication.  REFERENCES Brusca, R. C. & G. J. Brusca 2005. Invertebrados (2nd edition). McGraw-Hill/Interamericana de España, SAU. 1005 pp. Cardigos, F., F. Tempera, S. Ávila, J. Gonçalves, A. Colaço & R. S. Santos. 2006. Non-indigenous ma-rine species of the Azores. Helgoland Marine Research 60: 160-169.  Castelló, J. & J. Junoy. 2007. Catálogo de las especies de isópodos marinos (Crustacea: Isopoda) de los archipiélagos macaronésicos. Boletín del Instituto Español de Oceanografía 23: 21-31.  Cloudsley-Thompson J. L. 1958. Spiders, scorpions, centipedes, and mites. The ecology and natural his-tory of woodlice, myriapods, and arachnids. Per-gamon Press, New York, 14 pp. Davenport, J. 1994. Observations on the behaviour, salinity relations and colour change of Ligia italica from Madeira. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74: 959-962. Dexter, R.W. 1959. Records of the Sea-Side Isopod Ligia oceanica at Cape Ann, Massachusetts. Ecology 40: 507. Granovitch, A. & N. Mikhailova 2004. Rocky shore trematodes of the west coast of Sweden: distribu-tion and life cycle strategies. Acta Parasitologica 49: 228-236. Hewitt, G. 1907. Ligia. Proceedings and Transactions of the Biological Society of Liverpoool 21: 65-100. Ingólfsson, A. 1996. The distribution of intertidal mac-rofauna on the coasts of Iceland in relation to tem-perature. Sarsia 81: 29-44.  Junoy J. & J. Castelló 2003. Catálogo de las especies ibéricas y baleares de isópodos marinos (Crustacea: Isopoda). Boletín del Instituto Español de Oceanografía 19: 293-325. Morton, B., J. C. Britton & N A. M. F. Martins. 1998. Coastal Ecology of the Açores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves. Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores. 249 pp. Morton B., Britton J. C. 2000. Origins of the Azorean intertidal biota: the significance of introduced spe-cies, survivors of chance events. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences (Suppl. 2, Part A): 29–51. Newell, C. R. 1986. The marine fauna and flora of the Isles of Sicily: some marine digeneans from inver-tebrate hosts. Journal of Natural History 20: 71-77.  Nicholls, A. G. 1931. Studies on Ligia oceanica. I. Habitat and effect of change of environment on respiration. B. Observations on moulting and breeding. Journal of the Marine Biological Asso-ciation of the United Kingdom 17: 655-674.  Nobre, A. 1938. Fauna marinha do Norte de Portugal. Annaes des Ciencias Naturaes 8: 37-94. Kronberg, I. 1988. Structure and adaptation of the fau-na in the black zone (littoral fringe) along rocky shores in northern Europe. Marine Ecology Pro-gress Series 49: 95-106. Received 26 Dec 2012. Accepted 27 Mar 2013. Published online 2 May 2013. 

First record of Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Isopoda: Ligiidae) in the Canary Islands

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