Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Campbell, Howard W.

Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr.

English

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science

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300.1REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE ANOLIS ROOSEVEL TICatalogueof AmericauAmphibiansand Reptiles.DODD,C. KENNETH,JR., ANDHOWARDW. CAMPBELL. 1982.Anolis roosevelti.Anolis rooseveltiGrantCulebraIsland giantanoleAnolis rooseveltiGrant, 1931b:219.Type-locality,"Culebra Is-land,Porto Rico." Holotype,Mus. CompoZoo!.36136,col-lectedby ChapmanGranton April 22, 1931.Examinedbyauthors.• CONTENT. No subspeciesarerecognized.• DEFINITIONANDDIAGNOSIS.A largeAnolis in thericordiispeciesgroupof the cuvieriseries(Williams,1976)reachingalengthof approximately160mmsnout-vent.The colorin life isbrownish-greywithtwolinesoneachside.Onelinebeginsaroundtheearandextendsposteriorlyto thegroin;theotherbeginsintheshoulderegionandextendsintothegrOin.Thereis a distinctlight spoton thetemple,andtheeyelidsareyellow.The throatfanis greyexceptforthelowerrearquarterwhichis lightyellow.The tailis yellowish-brownandtheundersideof thebellyis whit-ish. The tail in adultmaleshasa scallopedfin alongmostof itslength.This finis high:thethirdfromthedistalmostrayis twiceaslongasthedepthof thetail, andthefourthproximalrayis aslongas thedepthof the tail. The edgeof the tail fin is deeplyscallopedinA. roosevelti,asopposedtolessdeeplyinA. cuvieri.Anolis rooseveltiis additionallydistinguishedfromAnoliscuvieriby beinggrey,notgreenor brown;bya decidedlyslopinglorealarea(verticalin A. cuvieri);by lackingpostanalscalesin males(presentin A. cuvieri);by smoothscalesunderthe baseof thetail (keeledin A. cuvieri);andby its largersize.• DESCRIPTIONS.Grant(1931b,1932a)and Williams(1962)give generalmorphologicaldescriptionsand providetablesofcomparisonwithA. cuvieriandHispaniolangiantanoles.Grant(1931b,1932a)andRivero(1978)givegeneralnotesoncoloration.Etheridge(1959)providesinformationon skeletalmorphology.• ILLUSTRATIONS.The only illustrationsof this speciesarelateralanddorsalblackandwhitephotographsof theheadof thetype-specimencontainedin theoriginaldescription(Grant,1931b).• DISTRIBUTION.The speciesis historicallyknownonlyfromCulebraIsland,PuertoRico (seeCOMMENT).• FOSSILRECORD. None(pregill,1981).• PERTINENTLITERATURE. Grant(1931b)providednotesonthespecies'morphologyandcoloration.Additionalmorphologicalandcolordescriptions,andcomparisonswithothergiantanoles,arecontainedin Grant(1932a),Williams(1962)andRivero(1978).Etheridge(1959)gaveinformationon skeletalmorphologywhichhe believedalliedit in uncertainpositionwithinan a groupofAnolis. Williams(1976)placedAnolis rooseveltin the ricordiispeciesgroupof thecuvieriseries.Pregill (1981)notedzoogeo-graphicrelationshipswithAnoliscuvieri.The speciesis includedin severalchecklistswithoutadditionalcomment(Grant,1931a,1932b;Barbour,1935,1937;SchwartzandThomas,1975;Wil-liams,1976)orwithstatementsconcerningextremerarityorpos-sible extinction(Anon., 1973;Philibosianand Yntema, 1977;Groombridge,1981).Honegger(1979)summarizedits conserva-tionstatus.Carr (ms,p. 20)mentionsthatthelizardis still saidtobeseenbylocalpeopleonCulebraandrecordsa conversationco~.-~ MI.13 KM.odo,2ro~•••MAp. Solid dot marksprobabletype-localityon theFlamencoPeninsula;remainingpotentialhabitatsuitablefor A. rooseveltisshaded.FIGURE. Anolis roosevelti,adultmaleholotype,MCZ 36136.with a farmeron MonteResacain whichtheappearance,size,andhabitatof thelizardweredescribedconvincingly(seeCOM-MENT).• ETYMOLOGY.The speciesis namedin honorof TheodoreRoosevelt,Jr., thenGovernorof PuertoRico.COMMENTAside from occasionalreferencesto the presenceof thisspeciesin the faunaof Puerto Rico, the CulebraIsland giantanolehas beenalmostignoredsinceits discovery.Its naturalhistoryand ecologyare unknown.Since the speciesis knownfrom onlytwo preservedspecimens(thesecondspecimenis intheUniversityof MichiganMuseumof Zoology,UMMZ 73644),and has not beencollectedsince 1932,someauthorshaveas-sertedthatit is extinct.Thereis reason,however,to believethespeciessurvivesin theremainingforestonCulebra.Recentwork-ershavelocatedMr. Dumas,whocollectedthelizardsforMajorGrantin 1931.He notonlyremembersthehabitsofA. rooseveltibut claimsto still occasionallyseethe species(as recentlyas1978).Mr. Dumasrelatesthattheholotypewascollectedon theFlamencoPeninsulabeforeit was deforested.That areaoncesupporteda forestof tallgumbolimbo(Bursera)andFicus trees,muchlikethesmallpatchesthatremainonsteepnorthernslopesof the island.Mr. Dumasdescribesthe lizard as livinghighinthetrees,whereit is occasionallyseenonthebranches.He claimsthathe seesit mostcommonlywhenthefruitsof thetrees,es-peciallytheFicus, areripe. Mr. Dumasremembersthelizardasbeinggreyor brown,which is consistentwith the originalde-scription.Otherverbalreportsof giantanolesfromCulebrare-ferredtothemasbeinggreen,suggestingthattheobserverswereseeingthe introducediguana.Severalpartiesof herpetologistshavemadespecificsearchesfor thespeciesin thelastfewyearswithoutsuccess.The remainingsmallpatchesof virgin foresthabitat,however,shouldbe largeenoughto maintaina fewliz-ards.The arborealityof A. rooseveltishouldprovidesomepro-tectionfromhousecatsandotherintroducedpredators,andthere( 25m••300.2arenomongoosesor largeavianpredatorsontheisland.Surveysshouldbe conductedprior to listingthe speciesas extinctandpotentialremaininghabitatshouldbeprotected.Anolis rooseveltiis listedas Endangeredby theU.S. Departmentof theInterior,and"CriticalHabitat"hasbeendeterminedonCulebraIslandtoincludemostof theremainingforesthabitat.LITERATURECITEDAnonymous.1973. RareandendangeredanimalsofPuertoRico,a committeereport.UnitedStatesDept.Agric., Soil Cons.Servo60p.Barbour,Thomas. 1935. A secondlist ofAntilleanreptilesandamphibians.Zoologica19(3):77-141.- 1937. Third list of Antilleanreptilesandamphibians.Bull.Mus. CompoZool.82(2):77-166.Carr, Tom. ms. The marineturtlesandterrestrialreptilesofCulebraIsland. Rept. to United StatesFish and WildlifeServo28p.Etheridge,Richard. 1959. Therelationshipsof theanoles(Rep-tilia: Sauria:19uanidae).An interpretationbasedonskeletalmorphology.Ph.D. Thesis,Univ. Michigan.xiii +236p.Grant, Chapman. 1931a. A revisedlist of the herpetologicalfaunaofCulebraIsland.J. Dept.Agric.PuertoRico15(3):215.1931b.A newspeciesandtwonewsub-speciesofthegenusAnolis. Ibid. 15(3):219-222.1932a.HerpetologicalnotesfromthePuertoRico area.Ibid.16(2):161-165.1932b. The growthof herpetologyin the PuertoRico andVirgin Islandarea.Ibid. 16(4):401-404.Groombridge,Brian. 1981. Worldchecklistof endangeredam-phibiansandreptiles.NatureConservancyCouncil,London.63p.Honegger,Rene(ed.). 1979. RedDataBook,Vol. 3: AmphibiaandReptilia.LU.C.N. Morges,Switzerland.Pag. var.Philibosian, Richard, and John Yntema. 1977. Annotatedchecklistof the birds, mammals,reptiles,and amphibiansof theVirginIslandsandPuertoRico. InformationServices,St. Croix,Virgin Islands.48p.Pregill, Gregory. 1981. Late PleistoceneherpetofaunasfromPuertoRico. Univ. KansasMus. Natur. Hist., Misc. Publ.(71):1-72.Rivero,Juan A. 1978. Los anfibiosy reptilesde PuertoRico.Universidadde PuertoRico, EditorialUniversitaria,Maya-guez,PuertoRico. 152p. +49plates.Schwartz,Albert,andRichardThomas. 1975. A check-listofWestIndianamphibiansandreptiles.CarnegieMus. Natur.Hist., Spec.Publ. (1):1-216.Williams,ErnestE. 1962. Noteson Hispaniolanherpetology.6. The giantanoles.Breviora(155):1-15.1976. West Indian anoles.A taxonomicand evolutionarysummary.1. Introduction and a species list. Breviora(440):1-21.C. KENNETHDODD,JR. OFFICEOFENDANGEREDSPECIES,U.S.FISH ANDWILDLIFE SERVICE,WASHINGTON,D.C. 20240,ANDHOWARDW. CAMPBELL(DECEASED),DENVERWILDLIFERESEARCHCENTER,412N.E. 16AVE., ROOM250,GAINES-VILLE,FLORIDA32601.Primaryeditorfor thisaccount,C. J. McCoy.Published 16 September1982 and Copyright 1982 by theSOCIETYFORTHE STUDYOFAMPHIBIANSANDREPTILES.

Anolis roosevelti

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Anolis roosevelti

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