Number of Pages: 2Place of Publication: Kensington, MarylandIntegrative BiologyGeological Science

Dundee, Harold A.

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Number of Pages: 2Place of Publication: Kensington, MarylandIntegrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science

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22.1AMPmOIA: CAUDATA: PLETIIODONTIDAE EURYCEA TYNERENSISMISSOURIARKANSASI I010 40MI. ', ,KM. 6 10,50OKLAHOMAII'-.-.-.-'-'-'-.-'-'-'-'-j .I• REMARKS.Sexualmaturityis reachedin abouttwo years.The creamy·yolkedeggsprobablyare laid in the fall or latespring; thetimeseemsto varyamongpopulations.Preliminary evidenceshows that low thyroidal activityprobablyis responsiblefor neotenyin this species (Dundee& GorbmaD,1960).Experimentallyinduced metamorphosisby Kezer (1952)givesno evidencethat this speciesis identicalwith any pre-viously namedplethodontid;hence the name is consideredvalid. Other inducedmetamorphosesshowthat the speciesiscorrectlyassignedto the genusEurycea (Dundee,1962).An acanthocephalan,Acanthocephalusvancleavei,is de-scribedfrom E. tynerensisby Hughes& Moore (1943a). Amonogeneanfluke,Sphyranuraeuryceae,alsofromthissalaman-der, is describedby Hughes& Moore (1943b).• ETYMOLOGY.This speciesis namedfor Tyner Creek, thetype-locality.COMMENTAdditional studiesare neededto establishmorepreciselytherelationshipthat existsbetweenneotenyand the functioningof endocrineand geneticmechanismsin this species.Size and color differencesamong populations,coupledwith differencesin breedingseasons,suggesthatsubspeciationor differentiationhas occurred (Dundee,MS).LITERATURECITEDAnderson,Paul. 1957. A secondlist of new herpetologicalrecordsfor Missouri. ChicagoAcad. Sci., Nat. Hist. Misc.,(161):1-5.Dundee,Harold A. 1947. Notes on salamanderscollectedin Oklahoma.Copeia,1947:117-120.1962. Responseof the neotenicsalamanderHaideotritonwallaceito a metamorphicagenL Science,135:1060-1061.[MS.] Habitatselectionby aquaticplethodontidsalaman·ders of the Ozarks, with studies on the life histories.UnpublishedPh.D. dissertation,submitted1958,Universityof Michigan. A brief summaryis available in Dissert.Absts. (for 1958), 19(4):1480-1481.Dundee,Harold A., & AubreyGorbman. 1960. UtilizationofMAp. The solid symbolmarks the type-locality.All otherknown localities are representedby hollow symbols. Thepresumeddistributionrangeshownis basedon knownrecords,drainagesystems,and physiographicfactors.Euryceatynerensi8Moore & HughesOklahomasalamanderDUNDEE,HAROLDA. 1965. Eurycea tynerensis,p. 22. In.W. J. Riemer (ed.), Catalogueof American AmphibiansandReptiles.AmericanSocietyof IchthyologistsandHerpetol-ogists,Kensington,Maryland.EuryceatynerensisMoore & Hughes,1939:697.Type-locality,"Tyner Creek, a tributary of Barron Fork Creek nearProctor, Adair County, Oklahoma." Holotype not des-ignated; 30 syntypes,collectedby GeorgeA. Moore andR. ChesterHughes,asfollows: U.S. Natl. Mus. 108548(12specimens);Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool.85534(5); Mus.CompoZool. 25533(1 specimen,formerly cataloguedatUniversity of Michigan); Stovall Mus. Sci. and Hist.(formerly,Univ. OklahomaMus. Zool.) 21325(3, howeverMoore & Hughessay6 syntypeswereoriginallydepositedthere); OklahomaStateUniv. (6 depositedthereaccordingto Moore & Hughes,but specimenscannotbe located).• CONTENT.No subspeciesarerecognized.• DIAGNOSIS.This speciesis neotenic,retainsgills throughoutlife, and is similar to other neotenicmembersof the genusas well as to larval individualsof normallymetamorphosingforms. From other neotenicspeciesit may be distinguishedby its combinationof a normally grayish streakeddorsum,19-21 costal grooves,pale weakly pigmentedbelly, and lowdorsal tail fin. It differs from Euryceanana in not havinga browndorsumand in attaininga size greaterthan50 mm;from E. neotenesin not having a yellow dorsum; from E.troglodytesin having more than 13 costal grooves; fromE. multiplicatain having a belly that is neitheryellow norgray.• DESCRIPTIONS.Large larvaereach80 mm in total length,and a length from the snout to the posteriorend of thevent of 41 mm. Sexualmaturityis attainedat a snout-ventlengthof 26 mm. Costalgroovesnumber19-21. The sacrumtypically is the 23rd vertebra,occasionallythe 22ndor 24th.Thereare7-11costalgroovesbetweenadpressedlimbs. Lateralline organsarenumerous.The dorsumhasa reticulatepatternof blackandcream,or it hasa light to dark graygroundwithdark spots and streaks,or occasionallyindividualsare uni-formlygraydorsally.The uppersurfaceof thetail hasa broadbrownishstripe. The venteris unpigmentedexceptfor a fewmelanophoreson the chin and lower jaw•Individuals of this species apparentlydo not undergonatural transformation,but when induced by drugs theyachievepartialor completemetamorphosisexceptfor failure todevelopan ossifiedparasphenoidandparavomerineteeth.Eggs are describedby Dundee (MS). In nature theyareprobablyattachedto stones,for hormone-stimulatedanimalsso attachthem in the laboratory. Hatchlings are 9-13 mmin total length.• ILLUSTRATIONS.illustrationsof the animals,habitats,eggs,and larvae, are included in Dundee (MS). Experimentallymetamorphosedanimalsare picturedin Kezer (1952). Moore& Hughes(1939)illustrateanadult,andalsothehabitatat thetype-locality.• DlsTRmuTION.The speciesis restrictedto the drainagesof the Grand (Neosho) and illinois Riversof the SpringfieldPlateausectionof theOzarkplateausof southwesternMissouri,northwesternArkansas, and northeasternOklahoma. It isapparently confined to small spring-fed, gravel-bottomedstreamswith temperaturesnormallynot exceeding24°C andto altitudesunder305m (1000feet). Animalstendto remainin very localizedparts of streamsin associationwith specificqualities of substratum.Recordedlocalities are in Ottawa,Cherokee,Mayes, and Adair Counties,Oklahoma; BentonCounty,Arkansas; and McDonaldCounty,Missouri (Dundee,MS, 1947;Anderson,1957).• FOSSILRECORD.None.• PERTINENTLITERATURE.Other than the type description,theonly accountof noteis thatof Kezer (1952). Dundee,inan unpublisheddissertation,presentsa major study of thelife history and habitat selectionof the species. It includesdescriptionsof the eggs, reproductivehabits, growth, foodhabit&,movementsand behavior•.. , ..radioiodineby thyroid of neotenicsalamander,EuryceatynerensisMoore& Hughes.Physiol.Zool.,33:5~3.Hughes,R. Chester,& GeorgeA. Moore. 1943a. Acantho-cephalusvan-cleavei,a new echinorynchidworm, from asalamander.Amer. Midland Nat., 29:724-729.1943b. Sphyranuraeuryceae,a new polystomatidmon-ogeneanfluke from Eurycea tynerensis.Trans. Amer.Microscop.Soc.,42:286-292.Kezer,James. 1952. Thyroxin-inducedmetamorphosisof the.,22.2neotenic salamandersEurycea tynerensisand Euryceaneotenes.Copeia,1952:234-237.Moore, George A., & R. Chester Hughes. 1939. A newplethodontidfrom easternOklahoma.Amer.Midland Nat.,22:696-699.H. A. DUNDEE, TULANE UNIVERSITY, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.Issued 15 October 1965. Publication is supported byNational Science Foundation grant G24231. © AmericanSocietyof Ichthyologistsand Herpetologists1965., •.

Eurycea tynerensis

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Eurycea tynerensis

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