Number of pages: 7Geological SciencesIntegrative Biolog

Garrido, Orlando H.

Powell, Robert

Torres, Javier

English

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1REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: LEIOCEPHALIDAE Leiocephalus onaneyionto the venter. Otherwise in both sexes, the dorsum is longitudinally zonate, with eight zones extending from middorsum to the venter on each side (most, except where indicated, begin on the head and extend onto the tail): (1) three scale rows along the dorsal midline chocolate-brown with those in the middorsal row paler; (2) chestnut-brown, practically gray, and about one-half the width of zone 1; (3) chocolate and covering almost 4 scales rows; (4) gray (as in zone 2), extending from above or behind the eyes onto the tail; (5) chocolate and about 4.5 scale rows wide; (6) similar to zone 4 and extending from below the eyes through the ears to the groin; (7) chocolate-chestnut and about 3 scale rows wide; and (8) pale gray bordering the white, unmarked venter.DIAGNOSIS. Leiocephalus onaneyi can be distinguished from all Cuban congeners by the strongly lineate dorsum, an unmarked white or gray throat, and an immaculate white venter (Garrido 1973; Schwartz and Henderson 1985). The dorsum of Leiocephalus carinatus is rather uniform or bears vague crossbars or large, black lateral blotches. Leiocephalus cubensis has a weakly lineate dorsum but a throat with a variable Figure 1. Adult female Leiocephalus onaneyi (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba [MNHNCu] 4695) from near the type locality (from Díaz and Cádiz 2012). Photograph by Luis M. Díaz.Catalogue of American Amphibiansand Reptiles 911Powell, R., J. Torres, and O. H. Garrido. 2017.      Leiocephalus onaneyi.Leiocephalus onaneyi GarridoGuantánamo Striped Curly-tailed LizardLeiocephalus onaneyi Garrido 1973:4. Type locality, “en la cima de la loma de Macambo, entre San Antonio del Sur e Imías, Provincia de Oriente, Cuba” [on top of Loma de Macambo between San Antonio del Sur and Imías, Oriente {= Guantánamo} Province, Cuba]. Holotype, Instituto de Zoología de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba (IZ) 2869, an adult female, collected by Onaney Muñiz on 8 June 1970 (examined by OHG). See Remarks.CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized.DESCRIPTION. Leiocephalus onaneyi is a medium-sized member of the genus; the largest individual is an adult female with a SVL of 72 mm (Garrido 1973; Schwartz and Henderson 1991). Dorsal scales are keeled and imbricate, ventrals smooth and subcycloid. Median dorsal crest scales not greatly enlarged, slightly lower than median dorsal caudal scales, number 48 in occiput–vent distance, and one-half midbody scales number 16–18. Four median head scales, 5 supraoculars, 4–5 loreals, 4–5 scales in the frontoparietal row, and 5 enlarged preauricular scales are present. Supraorbital semicircles sometimes complete, and parietals in contact or not. Males have a pair of enlarged postcloacal scales.      Sexual dichromatism is not pronounced (Garrido 1973; Schwartz and Henderson 1991), with sexes differing only in throat color; throats of males are white and those of females gray, with the color extending 2photographs of the top of the head of the holotype and a dorsal view and the throat of a subadult male paratype were presented by Garrido (1973). A color illustration,  also reproduced on the dust jacket, was published by Rodríguez Schettino (1999c); a black-and-white version of the same image was presented by Garrido (2003).DISTRIBUTION. Leiocephalus onaneyi is known only from the immediate vicinity of the type locality on top of Loma de Macambo (elev. ~150 m) in xeric habitat characterized by ‘dog-tooth’ limestone and dominated by grasses, agaves, and dense spiny bushes (Díaz and Cádiz 2012; Garrido 1973; Rodríguez Schettino 1999c; Schwartz and Henderson 1991). The species was “expected on the hills that comprise the Sierra de Imías” (Schwartz and Henderson 1988), but other descriptions emphasized that animals were found only on top of Loma Macambo and that the pattern of lines, dashes, dots, or mottling. In Leiocephalus stictigaster, the venter in males usually bears dark dots, the throat is more or less lineate, and dorsal and lateral fields are spotted with black. Leiocephalus macropus has supraaxillary blotches and a transverse bar across the shoulders above the forelimb insertions. In Leiocephalus raviceps, the dorsum is pale with grayish herringbone markings or fine dots.PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS. This species has not been included in any phylogenetic studies (e.g., Pregill 1992).PUBLISHED DESCRIPTIONS. Detailed descriptions were published by Garrido (1973) and Schwartz and Henderson (1991).ILLUSTRATIONS. Color photographs were published by Díaz and Cádiz (2012) and Hedges (2017). Black-and-white Map. The distribution of Leiocephalus onaneyi; the open circle marks the type locality. The species is known only from the vicinity of the type locality.3vegetation on the slopes was substantially different (Garrido 1973, 2003; Díaz and Cádiz 2012). The range was illustrated by Hedges (2017), Rodríguez Schettino et al. (2013), and Schwartz and Henderson (1991). FOSSIL RECORD. No fossils are known.PERTINENT LITERATURE. In addition to the original description of Leiocephalus onaneyi published by Garrido (1973), this species was the focus of both an essay describing efforts to collect additional specimens  (Garrido 2003) and a report on the rediscovery of the species (Díaz and Cádiz 2012). Leiocephalus onaneyi was included in checklists, general works, articles focusing on other species, or faunal accounts published by Alfonso et al. (2012), Estrada (2012), Estrada and Ruibal (1999), Frank and Ramus (1995), Henderson and Powell (2009), Hutchins et al. (2003), MacLean et al. (1977), Muñoz Riveaux et al. (2008), Perez et al. (1996), Powell et al. (1996), Pregill (1992), Rodríguez Schettino (1999a, 1999b, 1999c), Rodríguez Schettino and Rivalta González (2003), Rodríguez Schettino and Rodríguez Gómez (2003), Rodríguez Schettino et al. (1999, 2010, 2013), Schwartz (1978), Schwartz and Henderson (1985, 1988, 1991), Schwartz and Thomas (1975), Uetz et al. (2016), and Wrobel (2004). See Remarks for information on the conservation status of the species.REMARKS. The holotype (IZ 2869) was transfered to the Colecciones Zoológicas de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba (CZACC), Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Minis-terio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Am-biente, with a new number, CZACC 4.3267 (Chamizo Lara et al. 2005).   Following different criteria, Leiocephalus onaneyi was listed by Perera et al. (1994) as: (1) very restricted and rare (sensu Buide González et al. 1974), (2) vulnerable (sensu Mace et al. 1992), and (3) rare or uncommon but not endangered (sensu Master 1991). This species was listed as “critically endangered” by Rodríguez Schettino and  Chamizo Lara (1998) and Vales et al. (1998), but subse-quently, Leiocephalus onaneyi was considered “possibly extinct” by L. Rodríguez Schettino and A. Chamizo Lara (in Rodríguez Schetti-no 1999a) and Chamizo Lara and Martínez Reyes (2007). Status surveys and action plans were provided by Chamizo Lara et al. (2001). The species was included by Henderson and Powell (2009) in a list of “presumably ex-tinct” West Indian species that disappeared Figure 3. Natural habitat of Leiocephalus onaneyi near the type locality on Loma de Ma-cambo, Guantánamo Province, Cuba (from Díaz and Cádiz 2012). Photograph by Luis M. Díaz.Figure 2. Juvenile Leiocephalus onaneyi (MNHNCu 4696) from near the type locality (from Díaz and Cádiz 2012). Photograph by Luis M. Díaz.4mento de Vertebrados, La Habana, Cuba. 32 pp.Chamizo Lara, A. R. and M. Martínez Reyes. 2007. Estado de conservación de las es-pecies y algunas poblaciones del género Leiocephalus (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en Cuba. P. 86 in Resúmenes. VII Simposio Internacional de Zoología, Topes de Col-lantes, Cuba. [Not seen; cited by Cham-izo Lara and Martínez Reyes 2012].Chamizo Lara, A. R. and M. Martínez Reyes. 2012. Hoja de datos del taxón. Leioceph-alus onaneyi Garrido, 1973. Pp. 102–103 in Libro Rojo de los Vertebrados de Cuba (H. González Alonso, L. Rodríguez Schettino, A. Rodríguez, C. A. Mancina, and I. Ramos García, editors). Editorial Academia, La Habana, Cuba.Chamizo Lara, A., L. Rodríguez Schettino, L. V. Moreno García, V. Seijo, I. Fernán-dez, Á. Arias, and E. Manso. 2001. Hoja de datos de taxon Bayoya, Leiocephalus onaneyi. [4 pp.] in Taller para el Análisis de la Conservación y Manejo Planificado de una Selección de Especies Cubanas. La Habana, Cuba 1–3 de Noviembre, 1999. Informe. (Report of Conserva-tion Assessment and Management Plan Workshop for Selected Cuban Species) (E. Perez, Y. Matamoros, and S. Ellis, editors). Conservation Breeding Special-ist Group, Species Survival Commission, IUCN – The World Conservation Union (CBSG), Apple Valley, Minnesota. [Sec-tions independently paginated].Chamizo Lara, A. R., L. V. Moreno García, and L. Rodríguez Schettino. 2005. Ho-lotypes of reptiles in the herpetological collection of the Institute of Ecology and Systematics, Cuba. Smithsonian Her-petological Information Service 135:i + 1–10.Díaz, L. M. and A. Cádiz. 2012. The re-discovery of the Guantánamo Striped Curlytail (Leiocephalus onaneyi). IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 19:11–13. Estrada, A. R. 2012. The Cuban Archipelago. in historical times. The ‘rediscovery’ of the species, published by Díaz and Cádiz (2012), at least temporarily excluded Leiocephalus onaneyi from compendia of extinct taxa, but it was again listed as “critically endangered” by Chamizo Lara and Martínez Reyes (2012). The species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2016).ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet onaneyi is a patronym honoring Onaney Muñiz, a renowned Cuban botanist and collector of the type series (Garrido 1973, 2003).ADDITIONAL VERNACULAR NAMES. Sierra Curlytail Lizard (Frank and Ramus 1995; Wrobel 2004; various websites, e.g., iNaturalist 2017; Myers et al. 2017; Uetz et al. 2016); Bayoya de Onaney (Garrido 2003; note that ‘Bayoya’ is the general name applied to all curly-tailed lizards in Cuba except Leiocephalus carinatus); Guantánamo Striped Curlytail (Díaz and Cádiz 2012); Guantanamo Striped Curlytail (Hedges 2017).ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Tomás M. Rodríguez Cabrera for help with the map and Luis M. Díaz for permission to use his photographs.LITERATURE CITEDAlfonso, Y. U., G. Fajardo, E. Suarez, and K. L. Krysko. 2012. Sexual size dimor-phism, ovipositioning, and hatching in Leiocephalus macropus asbolomus (Squa-mata: Leiocephalidae) in Alexander von Humboldt National Park in eastern Cuba. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 19:230–236.Buide González, M. S., J. Fernández Milera, F. García Montaña, O. H. Garrido Calle-ja, H. de los Santos Izquierdo, G. Silva Taboada, and L. S. Varona Calvo. 1974. Las Especies Amenazadas de Vertebra-dos Cubanos. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Instituto de Zoologia, Departa-5Pp. 113–125 in Island Lists of West Indi-an Amphibians and Reptiles (R. Powell and R. W. Henderson, editors). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural Histo-ry 51.Estrada, A. R. and R. Ruibal. 1999. A review of Cuban herpetology. Pp. 31–62 in Caribbean Amphibians and Reptiles (B. I. Crother, editor). Academic Press, San Diego, California.Frank, N. and E. Ramus. 1995. A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. N G Publishing, Inc., Pottsville, Pennsylvania. 377 pp.Garrido, O. H. 1973. Nueva especie de Leiocephalus (Lacertilia, Iguanidae) para Cuba. Poeyana 116:1–19.Garrido, O. H. 2003. Discovery and redis-covery. Pp. 59–66 in Islands and the Sea. Essays on Herpetological Exploration in the West Indies (R. W. Henderson and R. Powell, editors). Contributions to Herpe-tology Volume 20. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York.Hedges, S. B. 2017. Caribherp. West Indian amphibians and reptiles [Amphibi-ans and reptiles of Caribbean Islands]: Cuba. Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Available at http://www.caribherp.org/index.php?il=Cuba&so=-class,%20ord,%20subord,%20family,%20species&vw=y&dd=n&mob=y. Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6pkdc38st on 15 April 2017.Henderson, R. W. and R. Powell. 2009. Nat-ural History of West Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. xxiv + 496 pp.Hutchins, M., J. B. Murphy, and N. Schlager, editors. 2003. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. Second Edition. Volume 7, Reptiles. The Gale Group, Inc., Farming-ton Hills, Michigan. xvi + 593 pp. iNaturalist. 2017. Sierra Curlytail Lizard (Leiocephalus onaneyi). Available at http://inaturalist.org/taxa/39344-Leio-cephalus-onaneyi. Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qa-DUIoP9 on 19 May 2017. IUCN (International Union for Conserva-tion of Nature). 2016. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-3. Available at http://www.iucnredlist.org. [Search performed on this site on 16 April 2017 lists “This taxon has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List…” but URL for search results is only a ge-neric http://www.iucnredlist.org/search and can not be archived].Mace, G., N. Collar, J. Cooke, K. Gaston, J. Ginsberg, N. Leader Williams, M. Maun-der, and E. J. Milner-Gulland. 1992. The development of new criteria for listing species on the IUCN Red List. Species 19:16–22.MacLean, W. P., R. Kellner, and H. Dennis. 1977. Island lists of West Indian amphib-ians and reptiles. Smithsonian Herpeto-logical Information Service 40:1–47.Master, L. L. 1991. Assessing threats and set-ting priorities for conservation. Conser-vation Biology 5:559–563.Muñoz Riveaux, S., Y. Urgellés Alfonso, and L. Rodríguez Schettino. 2008. Variación morfométrica y alimentación de Leio-cephalus macropus (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en Yacabo Abajo, provincia de Guantána-mo, costa semiárida de Cuba. Hombre, Ciencia y Tecnología 12(4):8 pp. [pages not numbered]. Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2017. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Available at http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Leiocephalus_onaneyi/classi-fication/. Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6qaDj5yiM on 19 May 2017.Perera, A., V. Berovides, O. H. Garrido, A. Estrada, A. González, and M. Álvarez. 1994. Criterios para la selección de espe-cies amenazadas de vertebrados cubanos. 6Rodríguez Schettino, L. and A. R. Chamizo Lara. 1998. Reptiles cubanos con algún grado de amenaza de extinción. Poeyana 463:1–8. Rodríguez Schettino, L. and V. Rivalta González. 2003. Lista de especies. Pp. 162–165 in Anfibios y Reptiles de Cuba (L. Rodríguez Schettino, editor). UPC Print, Vaasa, Finland.Rodríguez Schettino, L. and A. Rodríguez Gómez. 2003. Especies en peligro y su conservación. Pp. 156–161 in Anfibios y Reptiles de Cuba (L. Rodríguez Schetti-no, editor). UPC Print, Vaasa, Finland.Rodríguez Schettino, L., M. Martínez Reyes, and L. V. Moreno García. 1999. Ecology and Behavior. Pp. 36–58 in The Iguanid Lizards of Cuba (L. Rodríguez Schetti-no, editor). University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.Rodríguez Schettino, L.,V. Rivalta González, and E. Pérez Rodríguez. 2010. Distribu-ción regional y altitudinal de los reptiles de Cuba. Poeyana 498:11–20.Rodríguez Schettino, L., C. A. Mancina, and V. Rivalta González. 2013. Reptiles of Cuba: Checklist and Geographic Dis-tributions. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 144:1–96.Schwartz, A. 1978. Some aspects of the herpetogeography of the West Indies. Pp. 31–51 in Zoogeography in the Caribbe-an. The 1975 Leidy Medal Symposium (F. B. Gill, editor). Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Special Publica-tion No. 13. Schwartz, A. and R. W. Henderson. 1985. A Guide to the Identification of the Am-phibians and Reptiles of the West Indies Exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 165 pp.Schwartz, A. and R. W. Henderson. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: A check-list. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 74:1–264.P. 96 in Resúmenes. Tercer Simposio de Zoología, La Habana, Cuba. [Authors also reviewed a copy of the unpublished paper].Perez, E., E. Osa, Y. Matamoros, and U. S. Seal, editors. 1996. Taller para la Conservacion Analisis y Manejo Planificado de una Seleccion de Especies Cubanas. Informe. Habana, Cuba 7–10 March 1996. Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN). Report of Conservation Assessment and Management Plan Workshop for Selected Cuban Species: CBSG, Apple Vally, Minnesota. 131 + 4 + 20 + 71 pp.Powell, R., R. W. Henderson, K. Adler, and H. A. Dundee. 1996. An annotated checklist of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Pp. 51–93, Plates 1-8 in Contributions to West Indian Herpetology. A Tribute to Albert Schwartz (R. Powell and R. W. Henderson, editors). Contributions to Herpetology, Volume 12. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York.Pregill, G. K. 1992. Systematics of the West Indian lizard genus Leiocephalus (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae). The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publication 84:1–69.Rodríguez Schettino, L. (editor). 1999a. Introduction. Pp. 1–16 in The Iguanid Lizards of Cuba (L. Rodríguez Schetti-no, editor). University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.Rodríguez Schettino, L. 1999b. Biogeogra-phy. Pp. 86–103 in The Iguanid Lizards of Cuba (L. Rodríguez Schettino, editor). University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.Rodríguez Schettino, L. 1999c. Systematic accounts of the species. Pp. 104–380 in The Iguanid Lizards of Cuba (L. Rodrí-guez Schettino, editor). University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.7Schwartz, A. and R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, Distributions, and Natural History. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida. xvi + 720 pp.Schwartz, A. and R. Thomas. 1975. A Check-List of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication 1. 216 pp.Uetz, P., J. Hallermann, and J. Hosek (edi-tors). 2016. The Reptile Database. Leio-cephalus onaneyi Garrido, 1973. Avail-able at http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Leiocephalus&spe-cies=onaneyi. Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6gCVRdPXs on 22 March 2016.Vales, M., A. Álvarez, L. Montes, and A. Ávila (compilers). 1998. Estudio Na-cional sobre la Diversidad Biológica en la República de Cuba. Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambi-ente, Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad del Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Agencia de Medio Ambiente. Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambi-ente, La Habana, Cuba. 480 pp.Wrobel, M. (compiler). 2004. Elsevier’s Dictionary of Reptiles in Latin, English, German, French and Italian. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ix + 758 pp.ROBERT POWELL, Department of Biolo-gy, Avila University, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA (robert.powell@avila.edu), JAVIER TORRES, Department of Ecology and Evo-lutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA (javiertorres@ku.edu), and ORLANDO H. GARRIDO, Calle 60 # 1706 entre 17 y 19, Playa, La Ha-bana, CP 11300, Cuba.Primary editors for this account, Christopher J. Bell and Travis J. LaDuc.Published 16 June 2017 and Copyright © 2017 by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Misspelling in header corrected 19 June 2017. 

Leiocephalus onaneyi

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Leiocephalus onaneyi

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