Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Birt, Randy A.

Powell, Robert

English

Number of Pages: 3Integrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science

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REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: POLYCHROTIDAE -- Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Powell, R. and R.A. Birt. 2001. Anolis barkeri. 1-3 large, overlapping supraciliaries anteriorly; 9-11 supralabials to the center of the eye; and 5-9 loreal rows. The canthus rostralis is well-defined. The interparietal scale is smaller than the ear opening and is separated from the supraor- Anolis barkeri Schmidt Barker's Anole, Abaniquillo Arroyero Anolis barkeri Schmidt 1939:7. Type locality, "Cascajal, Up- per Uzpanapa River, Vera Cruz, Mexico." Holotype, British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH) 36.6.6.12 (subsequently recatalogued as 1946.9.4.28; Robinson 1962), an adult male, collected by R. Wright Barker in 1933 (Meyer 1968a) (not examined by authors). Norops borkeri: Savage and Guyer 1989: 11 1. See Remarks. CONTENT. No subspecies are recognized, although Robinson (1962) suggested that populations from the Los Tuxtlas region may be infraspecifically distinct from that at the type locality. DEFINITION. Anolis barkeri is a moderately large anole (maximum known male SVL 101 mm, Meyer 1968a; maximum known female SVL 80 mm, Robinson 1962) characterized by rugose head scales; 6-8 (occasionally 5 or 9) scales bordering the rostral; 2 (occasionally I or 3) scales between the nasal and the rostral; 7-9 scales across the snout between the second canthals; 0-3 scales between supraorbital semicircles; 6-1 1 scales comprising the supraorbital disk (these may or may not be separated from the supraorbital semicircles by small scales); bital semicircles by 2-5 scales. Suboculars usually are sepa- rated from the supralabials by a single row of scales, occasion- ally in contact. The mental is wider than long and in contact posteriorly with 4-6 scales between the infralabials. Dorsal scales are weakly to moderately keeled and generally with two slightly enlarged paravertebral rows grading into smaller lat- eral scales. Ventral scales are slightly larger than dorsals, weakly to moderately keeled, and imbricate. Scales on the dorsal sur- face of limbs are keeled and equal in size to dorsal body scales. Subdigital lamellae on toe 1V number 13-17 under the second and third phalanges. The tail is strongly compressed laterally and bears a double row of keeled scales dorsally; these scales form a weakly developed midcaudal crest. Postanal scales are not enlarged. Dorsal and lateral coloration ranges from a uniform dark brown to having light specks or light lateral stripes bordered in dark red. The dorsal surfaces of limbs are indistinctly banded. The chin and ventral surfaces of limbs generally are lighter than the chest and abdomen, which range in color from brick red to light brown or cream. an ndulr male In ;I forasins positloll over ;I pool at the base of ;I w;ltc~.full. Note how clyptic rhcsc dark lizards are on tl;~rk I-ocks in shady locations. Only males have a very large dewlap with large areas of bare skin traversed by 6-8 rows of small scales. Scales are orange and the skin is red, rendering the entire dewlap deep orange centrally and slightly lighter laterally. DIAGNOSIS. Anolis barkeri may be distinguished from other Mexican and Central American anoles in having a double row of keeled midcaudal scales on the upper surface of a strongly compressed tail (Meyer 1968a). DESCRIPTIONS. In addition to the original by Schmidt (1939) and the redescription by Meyer (1968a), very brief de- scriptions were provided by Alvarez del Toro (1982) and Villarreal Benitez (1997). ILLUSTRATIONS. Schmidt (1939) included line drawings of the head and underside of the foot. Kennedy (1965) pub- lished the first photographs of live Anolis barkeri and of eggs. Meyer (1968a) included black and white photographs of pat- tern variations and habitat, and Meyer (1968bj used a line draw- ing to compare caudal vertebrae with those of A. sminfhus. Alvarez del Toro ( 1982) provided black and white photographs of a male and female. DISTRIBUTION. Endemic to southern MCxico, this species is known from the states of Veracruz, Oaxaca. Chiapas, and Tabasco. The range is fragmented, undoubtedly due to the eco- logical association of this species with clear streams in undis- turbed tropical wet and moist forests (Holdridge 1967) at eleva- tions up to about 500 m. Meyer (l968a) related this disjunct distribution pattern "to climatic change in the Pleistocene when a dispersal corridor opened between the Los Tuxtlas region in Veracruz and the areas to the south. The corridor is presently ecologically unsuitable to A. barkeri." Campbell (1984) indi- cated that fragmentation of the range was a "comparatively re- cent event." The range was illustrated by Meyer (1968a). FOSSIL RECORD. None. PERTINENT LITERATURE. A discussion of morphologi- cal traits and behavior of specimens taken from the Los Tuxtlas region was in Robinson (1 962). Williams ( 1963) compared digi- tal morphology with that of A. mirus and A. fraseri, and dis- cussed the validity of this character in distinguishing Norops (see Remarks). Kennedy (1965) discussed distribution and some aspects of natural history. Variation, habitat, and diet of a small Chiapan sample were described by Brandon et al. (1966). Meyer (1968a) redescribed the species, placed it in the fusco- aLlrrrtus species series of Etheridge (1960), noted distribution, and addressed additional natural history traits. A very detailed analysis of feeding behavior and food was presented by Meyer (l968b). Fitch (1970) and Smith et al. (1972 [1973]) mentioned this species in surveys of reproductive cycles. Laerm (1973) noted aquatic tendencies. Schwartz (1978) included A. bcrrkeri in a comparison of aquatic anoles, and Fitch (1981) in a list of sexual size differences in reptiles. Alvarez del Toro (1982) briefly discussed habitat. Peterson (1983) described the subdigital pad, which she characterized as "narrow, Norops con- dition, beta." Anolis barkeri was included in a list of Mexican species and subspecies in need of conservation as a "rare" spe- cies (Anonymous 1994). Flaschendrlger and Wijffels (1996) mentioned this species' aquatic tendencies. ~illarreal Benitez (1997) provided a summary of natural history, and Ramirez- Bautista and Nieto-Montes de Oca (1997) a table correlating species from the Los Tuxtlas region, including A. bnrkeri, with habitat. Birt et al. (1997) noted parasitism by immature anisakine ascarid nematodes of the genus Terranove, and suggested that I I \ I  I MAP. Distribution of Anolis hnrkrri (modified from Meyer 1968a). The circle marks the type locality. dots indicate other records. Because the nnge is fragmented (see Distribution), no oullines are provided. the lizard served as an intermediate or paratenic host. Poe (1998) included A. barkeri in a survey of rare character states used to define a "dwarf twig" clade of Anolis. Reynoso Rosales et al. (1998) provided locality records extending the known range of the species into Tabasco. Poe (1999) included this species in a list assigning species to series (he assigned A. barkeri to "none"). Birt et al. (2001) discussed population structure, reproduction, diet, habitat, activity, and some aspects of behavior in a popula- tion from the Los Tuxtlas region. Alvarez del Toro (1982) used the vernacular name "Anolis Arroyero." Liner (1994) suggested that "Barker's Anole" and "Abaniquillo Arroyero" be used as the English and Spanish com- mon names for Norops barkeri; Frank and Ramus (1 995) listed the same English common name, but listed the species under the genus Anolis. The species is included in notes, checklists, guides, and keys by Smith and Taylor (1950a. b), Baker et al. (1971), Fitch and Henderson (l973), PCrez-Higareda ( l978), Ramirez-Bautista et al. (1981). Flores-Villela et al. (1987). Perez-Higadera [sic] et al. (1987), Pelcastre Villafuerte and Flores-Villela (l992), Flores- Villela (1993). O'Hara and Williams (1994, see also Williams et al. 1995), Lieb (1995), and Vogt et al. (1997). REMARKS. Guyer and Savage (1986) resurrected the anoline genus Norops, into which they (Savage and Guyer 1989) placed Anolis barkeri along with most Mexican and Central American anoles. Although the recognition of Norops is strongly advo- cated by some workers (e.g., Vitt and Zani 1996), we prefer a more conservative approach until concerns regarding generic relationships among anoles (e.g., Williams 1989) have been addressed. Savage and Guyer (1989) listed this species as a Norops "of uncertain status." ETYMOLOGY. The name burkeri is a patronytn honoring R. Wright Barker, collector of the holotype. LITERATURE CITED Alvarez del Toro, M. 1982. Los Reptiles de Chiapas. 3rd ed. Inst. Hist. Nat.. Tuxtla Gutiirrez. Chiapas. Mexico. Anonymous. 1994. Poder ejecutivo. Secretaria de Desarrollo Social. NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-ECOL-1994. Diario Oficial 488( 10). Primera Secci6n: 1-50, Baker. R.H.. R.G. Webb. and E. Stern. 1971. Amphibians. reptiles and mamnials from north-central Chiapas. An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Aut. Mexico. Ser. Zool. 4277-86. Bin. R.A., J.H. Greve. and R. Powell. 1997. Anolis borkeri. Parasitism. Herpetol. Rev. 28:201. -, R .  Powell. and B.D. Greene. 2001. Natural history of A~~nlir I~arkeri: a semiaquatic lizard from southern Mexico. J. Herpetol. 35: 161-166. Brandon, R.A., R.G. Altig, and E.H. Albert. 1966. Anolis barker; in Chiapas. Mexico. Herpetologica 22: 1 5 6  157. Campbell. J.A. 1984. A new species of Abronia (Sauria: Anguidae) wilh comments on the herpetogeography of the highlands of southern Mexico. Herpetologica 40:373-381. Etheridge. R. 1960. The relationships of the anoles (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae): ;in interpretation based on skeletal n~orphology. Unpubl. Ph.D. Diss.. Univ. Michigan. Ann Arbor. Fitch. H.S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. Univ. Kan- sas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. (52): 1-247. -. 1981. Sexual size differences in reptiles. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. (70):iii + 72 p. -and R.W. Henderson. 1973. A new anole (Reptilia: 1puanid;ie) from southern Veracruz, Mexico. J. Herpetol. 7: 125-128. FIYschendrPger, A. and L.C.M. Wijffels. 1996. Anolis in Biotop und Terrarium. Natur und Tier Verlag, Matthias Schmidt. Miinster. Flores-Villela. 0. 1993. Herpetofauna Mexicana. Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico. cambios taxonomicos recientes, y nueva especies. Annotated list of the species of amphib- ians and reptiles of Mexico. recent taxononiic changes. and new spe- cies. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. ( 17):iv + 73 p. -, G. Perez-Higadera [sic], R.C. Vogt, and M. Palma Muiioz. 1987. Claves para los gkneros y las especies de anfibios y reptiles de la regidn de Los Tuxtlas. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Aut6. Mexico, MCxico, D.F. Frank, N. and E. Ranius. 1995. A Complete Guide to Scientific arid Common Nnnles of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. NG Publ., Inc., Pottsville. Pennsylvania. Guyer, C. and J.M. Savage. 1986. Cladistic relationships among anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae). Syst. Zool. 35509-53 1. Holdridge, L.R. 1967. Life Zone Ecology. Rev. ed. Trop. Sci. Center, San Jose, Costa Rica. Kennedy. J.P. 1965. Observations on the distribution and ecology of Barker's anole, Anolis barker; Schmidt (Iguanidae). Zoologica (NY) 5 0 : 4 1 4 .  L~erm, J. 1973. Aquatic bipedalism in the basilisk lizard: the analysis of an adaptive strategy. Amer. Midl. Nat. 89:314-333. Lieb. C.S. 1995. Preliminary key to the anole lizardsof Mexico, p. 146- 157. In 0 .  Flores V. F. Mendoza Q., and G. Gonzalez P. (eds.). Recopilaci6n de claves para la determinaci6n de anfibios y reptiles de Mexico. Univ. N;s. Aut6. MCxico Mus. Zool. Publ. Esp. (I0):iv + 285 p. Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the amphibiansand reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Nombres cientificos y comunes en ingles y espaiiol de 10s anfibios y 10s reptiles de Mexico. SSAR Herpetol. Circ. (23):v + 113 p. Meyer. J.R. 1968a. Distribution and variation of the Mexican lizard, Anolis borkeri. Schmidt (Iguanidae). with redescription of the spe- cies. Copeia 1968:89-95. -. 1968b. The ecological significance of feeding behavior in the Mexi- can lizard, Anolis barker;. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 67:255- 262. O'Hara. R.J. and E.E. Williams. 1994. The Anolis Handlist. Hypercard document, Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Pelcastre Villafuene, L. and O.A. Flores-Villela. 1992. Lista de especies y localidades de recolecta de la herpetofauna de Veracruz, Mexico. Univ. Nac. Aut6. Mexico Mus. Zool. Publ. Esp. (4):25-96. PCrez-Higadera [sic], G.. R.C. Vogt, and O.A. Flores Villela. 1987. LisL? anotz~d;~ de los anfibios y reptiles de la regi6n de IosTuxtlns, Veracn~z. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Aut6. MCxico. Mexico, D.F. Perez-Higareda. G. 1978. Reptiles and amphibians from the Estacion de Biologia Tropical "Los Tuxtlas" (U.N.A.M.). Veracruz, MCxico. Bull. Marylzlnd Herpetol. Soc. 14:67-74. Peterson, J.A. 1983. The evolution of the subdigital pad in Anolis. 1. Comparisons among the anoline genera. p. 245-283. In A.G.J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.). Advances in Herpetology and Evolutionary Biology. Essays in Honor of Ernest E. Williams. Mus. Comp. Zool., H a ~ a r d  Univ., Cambridge, Massachusetts. Poe. S. 1998. Skull characters and the cladistic relationships of the Hispaniolan dwarf twig Anolis. Herpetol. Monogr. (12): 192-236. -. 1999. P. 99-104. In J.B. Losos and M. Leal (eds.). Anolis Newslet- ter V. wlshingto~i Univ., St. Louis, Missouri. Ramirez-Bautista. A,. G. Perez-Higareda, and G. Casas-Antlreu. 1981. Lista preliminarde los anfibios y reptiles de la regi6n de LosTuxtlas. Veracmz. Inst. Biol., Univ. Nac. Aut6. Mexico. MCxico. D.F. - and A. Nieto-Montes de Oca. 1997. Ecogeografia de anfibios y rep- tiles. p. 523-532. In E. Gonzblez Soriano. R. Dirzo, and R.C. Vogt (eds.), Historia Natural de Los Tuxllas. Univ. Nac. Aut6. Mexico, MCxico. D.F. Rcynoso Rosales. V.H., C.S. ValdespinoTorres, and F. Mendoza Quijano. 1998. Geographic distribution. Anolis barkeri. Herpetol. Rev. 29248. Robinson, D.C. 1962. Notes on the lizard Anolis barkeri Schmidt. Copeia 1962:640-642. Savage, J.M. and C. Guyer. 1989. lnfrageneric classification and spe- cies coniposition of the anole genera. Anolis. Ctenonorus, Doctylorr, Nornps and Semiurrr.~ (Sauria: Iguanidae). Amphib.-Rept. 10: 105- 116. Schmidt, K.P. 1939. A new lizard from Mexico with a note on the genus Norol~s. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 24:7-10. Schwartz, A. 1978. A new species of aquatic Anolis (Sauria. Iguanidae) from Hispaniola. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 37:261-279. Smith. H.M.. G. Sinelnik, J.D. Fawcett. and R.E. Jones. 1972(1973).A survey of the chronology of ovulation in anoline lizard genera. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 75: 107-120. -and E.H. Taylor. 1950a. An annotated checklist and key to the rep- tiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes. Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. (199):~ + 253 p. -and -. 1950b. Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33:313-380. Villarreal-Benitez, J.-L. 1997. Historia natural del genero Anolis, p. 495- 500. In E. Gonzilez Soriano. R. Dirzo. and R.C. Vogt (eds.), Historia Natural de Los Tuxtlas. Univ. Nac. Aut6. MCxico, Mexico, D.F. Vitt. L.J. and P.A. Zani. 1996. Ecology of the South American lizard Norops cltry.~oleyis (Polychrotidae). Copeia 1996:5648. Vogt, R.C.. J.-L. Villarreal Benitez, and G. Perez-Higareda. 1997. Lista anotnda de anfibios y reptiles. p. 507-522.111 E. Gonzilez Soriano. R. Dirzo, and R.C. Vogt (eds.). Historia Natural de Los Tuxtlas. Univ. Nac. Aut6. Mexico, MCxico, D.F. Williams. E.E. 1963. Studies on South American anoles. Description of Anolis mirrrs, new species. from Rio San Juan, Colombia, with com- ment on digital dilation and dewlap as generic and specific charac- ters in the anoles. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 129:463480. -. 1989. Acritique of Guyerand Savage (1986): cladistic relationships among anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae): are the data available to reclas- sify the anoles?, p. 433477. In C.A. Woods (ed.), Biogeography of the West Indies: Past. Present. and Future. Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., Gainesville, Florida. -, H. Rand, A.S. Rand, and R.J. O'Hara. 1995. A computer approach to the comparison and identification of species in difficult taxonomic groups. Breviora (502): 147 .  ROBERT POWELL, Department of Biology, Avila College, Kansas City, MO 64 145 (powellr@mail.avila.edu), and RANDY A. BIRT, Department of Biology, Evangel College, Springfield, M O  65802. Primary editor for this account, Andrew H. Price. Published 30 June 2001 and Copyright O 2001 by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 

Anolis barkeri

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Anolis barkeri

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