Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Funk, Richard S.

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Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science

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REPTILIA: SQUAMATA: SAURIA: IGUANIDAE281.1PHRYNOSOMA MCALLIICatalogueof AmericauAmphibiansand Reptiles.FUNK,RICHARDS. 1981. Phrynosomamcallii.Phrynosomamcallii (Hallowell)Flat-tailedhornedlizardAnotaM'callii Hallowell,1852:182.Type-locality,"GreatDesertof the Colorado,betweenVallicita [=Vallecita]andCampYuma, about160mileseastof San Diego." Restrictedto"close to the presenttownof Calexico,"ImperialCounty,California,by Klauber(1932).Holotype,Acad. Natur. Sci.Philadelphia8680,collectedbyCol. GeorgeA. M'Call, U.S.Army(notexaminedbyauthor).Doliosaurusmc'calli:Girard,1858:408.Phrynosomamaccallii:Cope,1867:310.Phrynosomam'callii: Stejneger,1893:190.Anotamaccallii:Cope,1900:448.Phrynosomamcalli: Etheridge,1964:621.• CONTENT. No subspecieshavebeendescribed.• DIAGNOSIS.A moderate-sized(maximumsnout-ventlengthabout82 mm),oviparousspeciesof Phrynosoma,with an im-maculatewhiteventer,a narrowdarkmiddorsalstripefromheadto tail base,anda dorso-ventrallyflattenedtail. The dorsalcol-orationis gray,tan, reddish-brown,or whitish.There are twooccipitalspines3-4 timeslongerthanbasalwidth, andnot incontactatthebase,andthreetemporalspinesoneachside.Thenostrilslie within the canthalridge.There is a singlerow ofenlargedlateralgular scales,and the lateralabdominalfringeconsistsof 2 (occasionally3) rowsof spines.The ventralscalesaresmooth,andtheperitoneumis black.The tympanumis notevidentexternally.• DESCRIPTIONS.The bestdescriptionsare in Cope(1900),Bryant(1911),Van Denburgh(1897,1922),Smith(1946),Reeve(1952),andStebbins(1954,1966).Gormanetal. (1969)describedthekaryotype(2n =34). '• ILLUSTRATIONS.BlackandwhitephotographsareinBryant(1911),Van Denburgh(1922),Smith (1946),and Shaw (1950);drawingsin Baird(1859),Cope(1900),andStebbins(1954,1966,1972);anda colorphotographin BehlerandKing (1979).• DISTRIBUTION.Phrynosomamcallii occursin southeasternCalifornia,extremesouthwesternArizona(southof theGilaRiv-er),andadjacentBajaCaliforniaNorteandSonora,Mexico.Alllocalitiesarebelowabout300m elevation.Previouslyunpublishedlocalitiesindicatedon themaparefrom the AmericanMuseumof NaturalHistory;ArizonaStateUniversity;Bryce C. Brown; CaliforniaAcademyof Sciences;ChicagoAcademyof Sciences;CarnegieMuseum;LouisianaStateUniversityMuseumof Zoology;Museumof ComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity;Museumof VertebrateZoology,UniversityofCalifornia;R. S. Funk;SanDiegoSocietyofNaturalHistory;TexasNaturalHistoryCollection;Universityof Arizona;Universityof California,Riverside;Universityof IllinoisMuseumof NaturalHistory;Universityof MichiganMuseumof Zoology;andPhilip MedicaandFrederickTurner(pers.comm.):MEXI-CO, Baja CaliforniaNorte:Mexicali;mouthof GuadalupeCan-yon; Sonora:4 mi N PuntaPeiiasco;1.9and4.5 mi W EI Pa-palote;15-25mi S Sonoyta;E tip BahiaSanJorge; 10miE and3, 14,18,19mi NW EI Golfo;5 mi SE and24.3-30.4mi N EIDoctor;manylocalitiesonMexicoHwy.2,2-36miE orESE SanLuis; 59 mi ESE San Luis. UNITED STATES, Arizona,YumaCounty:U.S. Hwy. 80(1-8),5-11 mi E Yuma; ArizonaWesternCollegecampusvicinity;Avenue3E at County 17 St., SE ofYuma;SomertonMesa;1.6miN ofU.S.-Mexicoboundaryin SanLuis, Arizona;California, ImperialCounty:nearFrink; numer-ouslocalitiesfromAlgodonesDunesalongBrawley-GlamisRd.;PaintedGorgeRd.; SuperstitionMt.; extremeN tip AlgodonesDunes;numerouslocalitieson EastMesa;OgilbyRd. nearU.S.Hwy. 80; nearOgilby; 10 mi SE Holtville;CoyoteWells; jct.Calif. Hwys.86and78;35mi SE Indio; 10mi W Calexico;SanDiegoCounty:6 mi NW Carrizo;3 mi N BorregoSprings;3 miE BorregoSprings;RiversideCounty:2 miWand 3.4miN PalmDesert.Reeve(1952)reidentifieda specimenfromFort Whipple(=2 mi E Prescott,YavapaiCounty),Arizona(Yarrow,1882)asP..,douglassi.RecordsfromFort Mojave(MojaveCounty),ArizonaandVirginiaCity, Nevada(Yarrow,1882)areprobablybasedonP. platyrhinos.A specimenfromNeedles,SanBernardinoCoun-ty, California(Klauber,1932)is P. platyrhinos(Reeve,1952).ATucumcari,New Mexico record(Wood, 1936)is erroneous.ArecordfromMohawkMt., YumaCounty,Arizona(Klauber,1938)hasnotbeenrepeated,andis indicatedwitha questionmarkonthemap.A localityrecordeastof theGilaMts. nearWellton(25mi E Yuma),Yuma County,Arizonawherethehabitatappearsunsuitable,is mappedwitha questionmark.• FOSSILRECORD. None.• PERTINENTLITERATURE. Osteologicalobservationsare inBryant(1911),Camp(1923),NorrisandLowe(1951),andPresch(1969).Theseauthors,andReeve(1952),figuredall or portionsof theskull. Etheridge(1960)describedtheteethanddentaries,andRobinsonandVan Devender(1973)reportedmaxillarytoothcounts.Reeve(1952)listedmostof theknownlocalities;othersare in Van Denburgh(1922),CowlesandBogert(1944),Norris(1949),Shaw (1950),Zweifel and Norris (1955),and Mayhew(1965).Ecologicalobservationsare in CowlesandBogert(1944,thermoregulation),Norris (1949,habits,habitat,thermoregula-tion, reproduction),Heath(1965)andBrattstrom(1965,thermo-regulation),andMayhew(1965,habitsandbrumation).NorrisandLowe(1964)discussedbackgroundcolor-matching.MayhewandWright (1971)discussedthe water-impermeableskin. Mayhew(1968)summarizedinformationon the species,andPianka andParker (1975)reviewedtheliteratureandaddedinformationonfood, reproduction,and bodytemperatures.Other paperscon-cern reproduction(Mayhew, 1964;Howard, 1974;Stebbins,1954),predation(Funk,1965),or habitsanddistribution(Coues,1875;Van Denburgh,1912;Van Denburghand Slevin, 1913,1921;Grinnell and Camp, 1917;Klauber, 1934,1939;Smith,1934;Mosauer,1935;Cowles,1941;SmithandTaylor,1950;Nor-ris 1958,1967).Klauber(1939)reportednematodeparasitesinP. mcallii, andAyala (1970)artificiallyinnoculatedP. mcalliiwithlizardmalaria.• ETYMOLOGY. The name mcallii is a patronymfor Col.GeorgeA. M'Call, U.S. Army,whocollectedthetype-specimen.• REMARKS. The spellingof thespecificepithetusedin thisaccountconformsto articles27and32of theInternationalCodeof ZoologicalNomenclature.MAP. The solidsymbolmarkstl1etype-locality,opensymbolsindicateother localities,and doubtfulrecords have questionmarks.\ •.LITERATURECITEDAyala,StephenC. 1970. Lizardmalariain California;descrip-tionofastrainofPlasmodiummexicanum,andbiogeographyof lizard malariain westernNorth America. J. Parasitol.56(3):417-425.Baird, SpencerF. 1859. Reptilesof theboundary.In Reportof the UnitedStatesandMexicanBoundarySurvey.U.S.34thCongress,1stSession,Exec.Doc. 108,vol.2, pt. 2:1-35.Behler,John L., andF. WayneKing. 1979. The AudubonSo-cietyfieldguidetoNorthAmericanreptilesandamphibians.AlfredA. Knopf,NewYork. 719p.Brattstrom,BayardH. 1965. Bodytemperaturesof reptiles.Amer.MidlandNatur.73(2):376-422.Bryant,HaroldC. 1911. The hornedlizardsof CaliforniaandNevadaof thegeneraPhrynosomaandAnota. Univ. Cali-forniaPubl. Zool.9(1):1-M.Camp, Charles L. 1923. Classificationof the lizards. Bull.Amer.Mus. Natur.Hist. 48(11):289-481.Cope,EdwardD. 1867. On theReptiliaandBatrachiaof theSonoranProvinceof theNearcticRegion.Proc. Acad. Nat-ur. Sci. Philadelphia18:300-314.- 1900. Thecrocodilians,lizards,andsnakesof NorthAmer-ica. Rept.U.S. Nat. Mus. for 1898:153-1270.Coues,Elliott. 1875. Synopsisof thereptilesandbatrachiansof Arizona;with critical and fieldnotes,and an extensivesynonymy,p. 585~33(ChapterV). In Reportupongeo-graphicalandgeologicalexplorationsandsurveyswestoftheonehundredthmeridian... Geo.M. Wheeler.... VolumeV-Zoology. Govt.PrintingOffice,Washington.Cowles,RaymondB. 1941. Observationson thewinteractiv-itiesof desertreptiles.Ecology22(2):125-140.-, andCharlesM. Bogert. 1944. A preliminarystudyof thethermalrequirementsof desertreptiles.Bull. Amer. Mus.Natur.Hist. 83(5):261-296.Etheridge,Richard. 1960. The Pliocenelizard genusEume-coidesTaylor.Bull. S. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. 59(2):62~9.- 1964. The skeletalmorphologyandsystematicrelationshipsof sceloporinelizards.Copeia1964(4):610~31.Funk, RichardS. 1965. Foodof Crotaluscerasteslaterorepensin YumaCounty,Arizona.Herpetologica21(1):15-17.Girard,Charles. 1858. Herpetology,vol.20,p. xvii +426.InUnitedStatesexploringexpedition,duringthe years1838-1842.Underthecommandof CharlesWilkes, U.S.N. J. B.Lippincott& Co., Philadelphia.Gorman,GeorgeC., Luis Baptista,andR. BruceBury. 1969.Chromosomesand sceloporinerelationships,with specialreferenceto the hornedlizards. Mammal.ChromosomesNewsl.10(1):6-11.Grinnell,Joseph,andC. L. Camp. 1917. A distributionallistoftheamphibiansandreptilesofCalifornia.Univ.CaliforniaPubl. Zool.17(10):127-208.Hallowell,Edward. 1852. Descriptionsof newspeciesof rep-tiles inhabitingNorth America. Proc. Acad. Natur. Sci.Philadelphia6:177-182.Heath, James E. 1965. Temperatureregulationand diurnalactivity in horned lizards. Univ. California Publ. Zool.64(3):97-136.Howard,C. Wayne. 1974. Comparativereproductiveecologyof horned lizards (genusPhrynosoma)in southwesternUnitedStatesandnorthernMexico.J. ArizonaAcad. Sci.9(3):108-116.Klauber, LaurenceM. 1932. The flat-tailedhornedtoad inLowerCalifornia.Copeia1932(2):100.1934. Annotatedlist of theamphibiansandreptilesof thesouthernborderof California.Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego(11):1-28.1938. Notes from a herpetologicaldiary, I. Copeia1938(4):191-197.1939. Studiesof reptilelife in the arid Southwest.Bull.Zool.Soc. SanDiego(14):1-100.Mayhew,Wilbur W. 1964. Photoperiodicresponsesin threespeciesofthelizardgenusUma.Herpetologica20(2):95-113.1965. Hibernation in the horned lizard, Phrynosomam'calli. CompoBiochem.Physiol.16:103-119.1968. Biologyof desertamphibiansand reptiles,p. 195-356.In G. W. Brown,Jr. (ed.),DesertBiology.AcademicPress,NewYork. Vol. 1,xvii +635p.-, and ShirleyJ. Wright. 1971. Waterimpermeableskin ofthelizardPhrynosomam'calli. Herpetologica27(1):8-11.Mosauer.Walter. 1935. The reDtilesof a sandduneareaand281.2its surroundingsin theColoradoDesert,California:a studyin habitatpreference.Ecology16(1):13-27.Norris, KennethS. 1949. Observationson the habitsof thehornedlizardPhrynosomam'callii. Copeia1949(3):176-180.1958. The evolutionandsystematicsof the iguanidgenusUmaandits relationto theevolutionof otherNorthAmeri~can desert reptiles. Bull. Amer. Mus. Natur. His!.114(3):247-326.1967. Color adaptationin desertreptilesand its thermalrelationships,p. 162-229.In W. W. Milstead(ed.),Lizardecology:A symposium.Univ.MissouriPress, Columbia.xii+300p.-, andCharlesH. Lowe, Jr. 1951. A studyof theosteologyandmusculatureofPhrynosomam'callii pertinentoits sys-tematicstatus.Bull. ChicagoAcad.Sci. 9(7):117-125.-, and- 1964. An analysisof backgroundcolor-matchinginamphibiansandreptiles.Ecology45(3):565-580.Pianka, Eric R., and William S. Parker. 1975. Ecologyofhornedlizards:a reviewwith specialreferenceto Phryno-somaplatyrhinos.Copeia1975(1):141-162.Presch, William. 1969. Evolutionaryosteologyand relation-shipsof thehornedlizardgenusPhrynosoma(familyIgua-nidae).Copeia1969(2):250-275.Reeve, WayneL. 1952. Taxonomyand distributionof thehornedlizard genusPhrynosoma.Univ. KansasSci. Bull.34(14):817-960.Robinson,Michael D., and ThomasR. Van Devender. 1973.Miocene lizards from Wyoming and Nebraska. Copeia1973(4):698-704.Shaw,CharlesE. 1950. The lizardsof SanDiegoCountywithdescriptionsandkey.Bull. Zool.Soc. SanDiego(25):1~3.Smith,HobartM. 1934. Noteson somelizardsof the genusPhrynosomafromMexico.Trans.KansasAcad.Sci. 37:287-292.1946. Handbookoflizards:LizardsoftheUnitedStatesandof Canada.ComstockPubl. Co., Ithaca,New York. xxi +557p.-, andEdwardH. Taylor. 1950. An annotatedchecklistandkeyto thereptilesof Mexicoexclusiveof the snakes.U.S.Nat. Mus. Bull. (199):v+253.Stebbins,RobertC. 1954. Amphibiansandreptilesof westernNorthAmerica.McGraw-Hill,NewYork. xxii +528p.1966. A field guideto westernreptilesand amphibians.HoughtonMifflin Co., Boston.xiv +279p.- 1972. AmphibiansandreptilesofCalifornia.CaliforniaNat.Hist. Guides(31).Univ. CaliforniaPress,Berkeley,Los An-geles,andLondon.152p.Stejneger,Leonhard. 1893. Annotatedlist of thereptilesandbatrachianscollectedbytheDeathValleyexpeditionin 1891,withdescriptionsof newspecies.N. Amer. Fauna(7):159-228.Van Denburgh,John. 1897. The reptilesof the Pacific Coastand GreatBasin .... Occas. Pap. CaliforniaAcad. Sci.(5):1-236.1912. Noteson a collectionof reptilesfromsouthernCali-forniaandArizona.Proc.CaliforniaAcad.Sci. ser.4,3:147-154.1922. The reptilesof westernNorthAmerica.... Vol. I.Lizards.Occas.Pap. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. (10):1~12.-, andJosephR. Slevin. 1913. A list of theamphibiansandreptilesofArizona,withnotesonthespeciesin thecollectionof theAcademy.Proc. CaliforniaAcad. Sci. ser.4, 3:391-454.-, and- 1921. A list of theamphibiansand reptilesof thepeninsulaof LowerCalifornia,withnoteson thespeciesinthecollectionof theAcademy.Ibid. ser.4, 11:49-72.Wood, SherwinF. 1936. Ovipositionand embryosof somewesternlizards.Copeia1936(1):69-70.Yarrow,HarryC. 1882. Checklistof NorthAmericanReptiliaandBatrachia,withcatalogueofspecimensin U. S. NationalMuseum.U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. (24):1-249.Zweifel,RichardG., andKennethS. Norris. 1955. Contribu-tion to the herpetologyof Sonora,Mexico:descriptionsofnew subspeciesof snakes (MicruroideseuryxanthusandLampropeltisgetulus)and miscellaneouscollectingnotes.Amer.MidlandNatur.54(1):230-249.RICHARDS. FUNK,OHIOSTATEUNIVERSITY,COLUMBUS,OHIO43210.Primaryeditorfor thisaccount,C. J. McCoy.Published27October1981andCopyright1981by the SOCIETYFORTHESTUDYOFAMPHIBIANSANDREPTILES."'

Phrynosoma mcallii

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Phrynosoma mcallii

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