Author name used in this publication: LI Zhi-lin2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Li, ZL

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? 03? ? 2?2005? 4?地 理 信 息 世 界GEOMATICSWORLDVOL. 03 NO. 2Apr. , 2005????: 2005- 03- 04????:??????????????????????????????? (??: 40329001)????:??? ( 1960- ) ,?, 1982??????????,??, 1990???????????????????????, G IS??????????International Jou rnal of Geograph ical Informat ion Science?????  ?????: P208   ?????: A   ????: 1672- 1586( 2005) 02- 0001- 05?????????????李志林(?????? ???????????, ?? ?? )? ?:尺度问题是许多学科 (包括空间信息科学 )中最重要的, 但至今尚未解决的问题之一?本文系统地探讨了空间数据处理的尺度问题,给出了一个空间数据处理的尺度理论,在该理论中,引入了诸如尺度谱和地学尺度等新概念,区分了欧氏空间和地理空间中的尺度,提出了衡量尺度的标准 (一组参数 ), 并讨论了尺度和分辨率之间的关系?基于该理论背景,探讨了空间数据处理各个阶段的尺度问题,文章强调保持尺度一致性的重要性,最后提出了多尺度数据处理问题的一些可能的方法????:尺度理论;空间数据处理;尺度一致性;方法A Theoretical Discussion on the Scale Issue inGeospatial Data HandlingLI Zh-i lin( Departm ent of Land Surveying and Geo-In form atics, The Hong Kong Polytechn ic Un iversity, Hong kong, Ch ina)Abstrac t: Sca le is one o f them ost importan t bu t unso lved issues in var ious sc ientific disc ip lines, including spatia l inform ationsc ience. Th is pape r tack les the issues re lated to sca le system atica lly. A number o f concepts are introduced as sca le spectrumand geo-sca le. A d iscussion is then conducted on the behav iour of sca le in geographical space and Euc lidean space. A se t o fparam eters is suggested for the m easure o f sca le. Em phasis is on the consistency of sca le in the var ious stages o f geospatialdata handling, from rea lity, samp ling to presentation of outpu ts. Som e possib le so lutions to scale problem s are proposed at theend.K ey words: scale issue; spatial da ta hand ling; consistency o f sca le; m ethed0 ?????????????????????,??????????,???????????????????,???????????????,????????????????????, ????????? (? 1B1?,1B10? )??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????? /???? 0?????, ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????????????????????????????????????,???? /????????????????????0??????????????? /??????? 0 ( mod ifiab le arealun it)?? [ 1] , ???????????????? [ 2]?????????????????????,???? [ 3]???? [ 4]???? [ 5]???? [ 6]?????? [ 7]????? [ 8]???? [ 9]????? [ 10] ,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????, ??????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????, ??????????????????[ 11] , ?????????[ 12] ,??????????????[ 13] ,????????????[ 14]??????????????????????????????1 ???????????????????,???????????????????,????????????? 1??? 4??????????:? 1 ?????Tab. 1 Scale c lassif ication s???? ???????? ?????????????? (?? )???? ????= =??????= =???????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????,???? ( EMR )?????????EMR???????????,?????? C????????????????????????????????? /??? 0????????????????????, ????????????????????????????????????????, ?????????????????????????????????, ?????????????????????, ???????? (?????????? )???????,?????????????????????,????????????, ?????????????????????????,??????, ???????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,??????????, ????????????????????? (?? 1?? )??????????????, ????????????????????????????????, ??????? 2???? 1 ????????????F ig. 1 Space scale spec trum and geo-space scale? 2 ????????????F ig. 2 Tem poral scale sspectrum and geo-temporal scale2 ???????????, ???????????????,??:  #???? (???? )  #??  #????????????, ??????????????????????????????????: /??????????????0????: /?????? ??????? 0???????: /??,?????????????????? 0???, ?????????? /? 0???????????????, ???????????,???????????,?????????,??? /?0???????? / 50. 001? 0?????,???,?????????????????????????, ????????????????#2# ? ? ? ? ? ?                 2005?????????????????????????????,??? 10?????,? 101000?,?1010?,?102?, 1?, 10- 2?, 10- 10 ,??? 3????????????? 4?????????,??????????????, ?????????????? 3 ????????????  ??????? 4???F ig. 3 Four sheets of im agery w ith sam e sca le andsize bu t d ifferent resolution s3 ??????????????????????????????????????????????, ????????????????, ??????? /?? 0?????????? /?? 0?????, ???????????? [ 15- 18]?????????????, ?????????????????????????, ?????????????,????? 0?, ????1?,????? 2?,???? 3???? (??? )??? 2???????? (??? )?? 3???????? (??? ) ,????????????? 4???? 2?????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????? [ 19 ]??????, ???????1. 0~ 2. 0??, ??????? 2. 0~ 3. 0???????????,???????,?????????????????, ????????????????????????? (???????? 4 2????????????Fig. 4 Spatia l scale reduc tion and magn ificationin 2D Euclid Space???? )????,???????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????????? 5?????????????????,?????????????? 5 2?????????????F ig. 5 Scale reduct ion andm agn ification in2D geographic space??????????, ?????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????????????????: ??????????, ????????????????????????, ??????, ??????, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????; ????????????????,?????????????,????????????????????????4 ??????????????? 6??????????????????/?? 0???????????????????,?#3#? 2? ???:????????????????????????????????????/??0????????,???????, ????????????????????? 2??????????, ?????????????????,?????????? 1 km?????????,???????????????????????????????????????? /?? 0????????, ????????, ???????????, ????????,??????????, ??????????,??????????????????????????????????????, ????????????????,????????? /?? 0???????????, ???????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????????????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 2???????????????????????, ??????????????????????? 6 ??????????Fig. 6 Spatial data processing f low5 ????????????????????????, ???????????????????????????? L i and Openshaw( 1993)????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????? (? SPOT??? Space labM etric Camera?? )???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????, ??????????????????????????????????????????????, ?????????????????????????????????????????,??????, ????????????????? [ 18 ]?????????????????????,???????????????, ????????????????????????, ???????????????????? (? SPOT??????? 10 m /?? )???????????????????????? [ 20] , ???????,???????:/?????????,??????????????????????????????, ???????????, ????????0????????????:/????????????????, ?????????????????,???????????????? 0?? 7??????????????????????????????????????????? [ 18]?? 8??????????????????????????????????????????? 7 ??????? [ 21]F ig. 7 The d iagram of natural law??????, ????? ( F ractal)?????#4# ? ? ? ? ? ?                 2005?? 8 ?????????????? [20]F ig. 8 Land surfacem ult-i scalem ode lingby using natural law(wavelet)?????? 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地理空间数据处理的尺度理论

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