Author name used in this publication:  陈强Author name used in this publication: 刘国祥Author name used in this publication: 丁晓利, DING Xiao-liAuthor name used in this publication: 李永树Title in Traditional Chinese: 永久散射體雷達差分干涉應用于區域地表沉降探測Journal title in Traditional Chinese: 地球物理學報2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe

Chen, Q

Ding, XL

Li, YS

Liu, GX

PolyU Institutional Repository

?  ?, ???, ????. ??????????????????????. ??????, 2007, 50( 3) : 737~ 743Chen Q, Liu G X, Ding X L, et al. Radar differential interferometry based on permanent scatterers and its application to detecting regionalground subsidence. Chinese J . Geophys . ( in Chinese) , 2007, 50( 3) : 737~ 743??????????????????????陈  强1 ,刘国祥1 ,丁晓利2 ,李永树11 ???????????, ??  6100312 ?????????????????, ???  ?  ??????????????????????????????????????????????. ???????????????????????, ?????????????: ?????????????????????, ???? PS ??, ?????????????????????????????. ????????? 10 ??? ERS- 12?? C ?? SAR????????, ???????????????????????, ????????????????????, PS ???????????????.???  ???????,??????????,????, ?????,????????  0001- 5733( 2007) 03- 0737- 07 ????? P227 ???? 2006- 05- 10, 2006- 12- 18 ????????  ??????????( 40374003)??.????  ?  ?, ?, 1974??, ??, ???? InSAR???????. E-mail: swjtucq@ sina. comRadar differential interferometry based on permanent scatterersand its application to detecting regional ground subsidenceCHEN Qiang1 , LIU Guo-Xiang1, DING Xiao-Li2 , LI Yong-Shu11 Department of Surveying Engineering , Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu 610031, China2 Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, TheHong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , ChinaAbstract  Synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry ( DInSAR) based on permanent scatterers ( PS)may overcome or mitigate two main disadvantages, i. e. , radar signal decorrelat ion and atmospheric delayinfluence, which often take place in the conventional DInSAR. This paper analyzes all the processingprocedures involved in PS-based DInSAR. Considering that deformation is of temporal correlation andtopographic phase is proportional to normal baseline, the method of generat ing PS network is proposed. Aparametric adjustment method is adopted to estimate total optimum solutions of subsidence rates and elevationcorrections in the PS network. With the proposed algorithm, the experiment is performed to extract subsidenceinformation over Shanghai using ERS-12 C-band SAR images taken during the latest 10 years. Deformation,elevation correct ion and atmospheric phase on PS points are effectively separated and the subsidence rate fieldwith high resolution is presented. The results obtained from PS network are in a good agreement with levelingmeasurements.Keywords  Permanent scatterers network, DInSAR, Subsidence detection, Decorrelation, Atmosphericinfluence? 50 ? ? 3?2007 ?5 ??  ?  ?  ?  ?  ?CHINESE  JOURNAL  OF  GEOPHYSICSVol. 50, No. 3May , 20071  ?  ?  ???????? ( Synthet ic Aperture Radar,SAR)?????????????, ??????????( DInSAR)??? 20????, ?????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????(??????????????????????)??????????. ??? DInSAR???????????? [ 1~ 4] , ??? SAR ????????????????, DInSAR????????????????????(?????????GPS???)????.??, ?? DInSAR????????????????[ 4,5] , ??????????????????, ?????????SAR?????????, ????(??????????????????)????????????, ???????(????????)??, ?????????; ????SAR?????????, ????????????, ??????????????, ????????. ??????????????????????????????????[ 5] , ????SAR?????????????????, ???????????????????. ????????? DInSAR????????????????.????????????????, Ferrettiet al.[ 6, 7]????????????????????????????????????????????????????????. ????(??????????)???????????,??????????????????????????, ??????????? ( PermanentScatterers, PS) . Ferretti et al. ??????? PS??????????, ????????????(??????)??????????, ????????????????. ?????????PS- DInSAR???????, ?????????????????, ????????????????.??? Ferretti et al. ?????? [ 6~ 9] ????? PS???????????????. ??? Ferretti et al.??????? PS?????????????????? [ 7] , ??????? PS?????????????????, ??????? PS????????, ????? PS ???????, ??????????????????, ???????PS?????????????????, ????????????????.???????????    ???????????, ??????????? 26? ERS-12?? C ?? SAR?? (????? 1992~ 2002?)?? PS ?????????????????.2  PS???????????21  ?????????????? K + 1?( > 25?) SAR???????????, ?????????????, ???????????. ?????????????????[ 8] :m =1K Kk= 1 c ( Bk, m , 1200)  c ( T k, m , 5)  c ( f k, mDC , 1380) , c ( x , a ) = 1 - | x |a , x < a,0, x  a,( 1)?? m ???????, Bk, m ?Tk, m?f k, mDC ???????????????????????????. ??( 1)??????????????????? , ?? ??????????????.??????????, ?????????????????????. ??????? K+1?SAR??????? K ????.?K ????????????????, ?? K ????????. ??????????????? 5???: ??????????????????????????????? [ 4] . ???738 ? ? ? ? ? ?( Chinese J. Geophys. ) 50 ? ?????????????????, ???????????????????, ???????????( Digital Elevation Model, DEM)??????(?? DEM ????????)????, ????????????? id int , ????? 4???:id int = 4 Bi Rm  sinH +4cos h+ iAtm + ni , ( 2)?? ?????, Rm ???????????,???????, B i???????, H ?DEM????, h ?????????, iAtm?????, ni ???.?K 1= 4( Rmsin) , K 2 = 4cos, ????????????????? v , ?( 2)????id int = K 1  B i  H + K 2  T i  v + res, ( 3)?? T i?????????, res?????, ??????????????????. ??????, ?????, ?? idint ???????[ - ,]???, ???????????????????.22  PS????221  PS点的识别???????????, ????????????????, ??????????????? PS ???, ???????????. ?Ferrett i et al. ???????[ 6] , ????????, ??????????????????????. ??????????????????,?v  AmA= DA , ( 4)?? v ??????, A ????????, mA???????, DA ?????????. ???????????????, ???????PS?, ???? PS?.222  PS边的连接?????????????????, ??????, ???? SAR ??????????,??????????, ???????????????????. ???????, ??????????, ????? 500 m ???, ???????????? [ 5, 8] .?????????????????, ?????????? PS ??????????, ????????????????. ?? ( 3)????? PS ???????, ??????????:idint = K 1  B i  H + K 2  T i  v + res,( 5)?? id int???? PS??????, H ??????, v ????????, res?? PS??????. ????, ?? PS ????? id int?????, ????????, ???????????????????? id int??????.?????????, ??????? 1800 m, ???????????? 5 m.????, PS ??????????????, ????????????????????????????????????????. ???? PS????????????????????????[ 7, 8] , ???????????????, ??| res| < .??( 5)?, ?????? H ? v , ????| res | < , ????? idint????. ? id int??? id int???, ???????????, id int??????. ??????? v ? H.??????? PS ???????? v ?????? H , ???????? PS???????????. ?????????????,???? PS?????, ?? 1 km?????????????????????????[ 5] . ?????????? PS ??????????,???????????. ???????????????, ????PS????????? v?????? H .?????????????? PS ????????????, ???????? K ????, ??? PS??????? K ???. ?? PS?? v ? H ?????, ??????????, ?????????????????????. ?????, ????????? [ 6, 7]    ???????? ?????? v ? H .= 1K Ki= 1 ( cosi + jsini ) , ( 6)739 3 ? ?  ??: ???????????????????????? i = idint- ( K 1Bi H+ K 2T iv ) , ????( 5)?????, ?????????????. ????????????( v , H )??| |?????, ??????????????.???????????(v , H )??????????. ?? PS ????, ????? v ?H ?????????.23  PS????PS?????? v ? H ??????????????, ????????????H ? v ????????????? PS ??????????, ?????????, ????????. ??????????, ?????????(????)??????? 0???, ????????????, ???????.??????? PS ??????(?????) , ?????? v ? H ?????, ???????????| |??, ?????????????????????[ 8] . ? v ??, ???????????, ?????, ??????PS????????.????:V = v^ j - v^ i - v ij , ( 7)????:v^ = ( BTPB)- 1( BTPL) , ( 8)?( 7)?( 8)?, v^??? PS ???????, B ??????????, P ????, L ???????????.??? PS ???????, ????????????, ??????? PS ?????????????.24  ???????????????PS???????? v^?????? ^H?????( 5) , ????| res | < , ??????? PS???????? res, ? res???????? PS?????????? res , ???????????? v^????? ^H , ?????????    ?( 3)??????, ??, PS ?????????????.???????????????????????????, ??????????????????, ??????????????????????????[ 7] , ?????????:MAtm = 1K Kj= 1 ires. ( 9)  ????????????????????, ??????????. ???????????????? PS??????[ 7] , ?hiNon-linear =4( ires- Atm ) . ( 10)  ?( 9)?? MAtm????????, ?( 10)??hiNon-linear? PS????????.????????, ???????????????????, ???? PS????????????, ??Kriging??????, ??????????????????????????????.3  ?????????31  ????????? PS??????, ??????? PS- DInSAR???????????. ???????????????????, ??????????????????????, ???????????, ?????????????? 263 m, ?????????????????? 50??[ 10] . ???????????????????, ???????????????????????, ???????????????????????????? [ 11, 12] .32  ???????????( European Space Agency, ESA)ERS- 12??? C ??(??? 56 cm)????? 1992?? 2002??????????????26? SAR??????. ????????????( Single Look Complex, SLC) , ?????????????????? 23??????????.SAR???????????????? 79 m?40 m, ????????100 km 100 km, ???????12128E, ????? 3110N.???????????, ?? ERS- 2??? 1996? 6? 4????????????, ??25???????, ???? 25 ????. ? 1??????????????????????????????????? Bn ?????T .740 ? ? ? ? ? ?( Chinese J. Geophys. ) 50 ? ? 1 ???? ERS- 12?? C?? SAR?????????Table 1 ERS- 12 C- band SAR images over Shanghai and baseline parameters?? ??- ?? ???? B  ( m) T (?) ?? ??- ?? ???? B  (m) T (?)1 E1- 04657 1992- 06- 06 - 1249 - 1459 14 E2- 14887 1998- 02- 24 18 6302 E1- 06160 1992- 09- 19 - 1139 - 1354 15 E2- 15388 1998- 03- 31 - 572 6653 E1- 09166 1993- 04- 17 - 1189 - 1144 16 E2- 15889 1998- 05- 05 - 1086 7004 E1- 10669 1993- 07- 31 - 1088 - 1039 17 E2- 20899 1999- 04- 20 - 1207 10505 E1- 12172 1993- 11- 13 - 568 - 934 18 E2- 23905 1999- 11- 16 - 736 12606 E1- 19530 1995- 04- 10 - 640 - 421 19 E2- 24406 1999- 12- 21 - 692 12957 E1- 22035 1995- 10- 02 - 1131 - 307 20 E2- 26410 2000- 05- 09 - 1444 14358 E1- 24039 1996- 02- 19 - 1445 - 106 21 E2- 26911 2000- 06- 13 - 620 14709 E1- 24540 1996- 03- 25 156 - 71 22 E2- 28414 2000- 09- 26 - 1206 157510 E2- 04867 1996- 03- 26 255 - 70 23 E2- 34426 2001- 11- 20 - 958 199511 E1- 25542 1996- 06- 03 - 84 - 1 24 E2- 37432 2002- 06- 18 - 1840 220512 E2- 05869 1996- 06- 04 0 0 25 E2- 37933 2002- 07- 23 - 1042 224013 E2- 13384 1997- 11- 11 - 328 525 26 E2- 38434 2002- 08- 27 - 66 2275????????? 6?, ?????????1800 m.  ????? ERS- 12???????????Delft????????( DEOS)??, ???????5~ 6 cm, ?????? 20 cm, ???????????????[ 13, 14] .????? DEM ????????( SBSM)??, ??????? 25 m. ????? PS????????????????? 8 km  8 km ?????????, ??????????????.???????, ??????? 15 m, ?????0 m, ????? 2 m.33  PS???????????????????????, ?? DEOS??????? SBSM DEM???????????????, ?? 25??????. ? 1???????????, ????? 630 ?(????????1998? 2? 24?) , ??????? 18 m.?1?????????????????????28 cm?????.???????? PS ??, ???????????????????????? [15] , ????????????? 035????, ?????743????PS ??(?2??????) . ?????????????????????????(?2??) . ??PS ??, ?????????PS?????????????????, ??????? PS ??, ????????? 100 GB???? 50MB.???PS???????? 1 km? PS??,??????????, ????? 25696 ??,???????? PS ???????????,????????????? PS ??????????????, ??????PS???(? 2) .??????????? PS ???????????, ?? PS ????????????????????, ???? PS????????,?????????, ??? PS????????. ???( 9)??( 10) , ? PS?????????????????????.???PS?????????????, ?? Kriging ????, ???????????, ????? PS????????????. ? 3?????????? 1992? 2002??????????. ? 4??????????????, ?????? 06 rad, ????  03 rad.34  ????????????????????????????(? 3) , ???????????????, ?????????? 20 mma, ????????????? 15 mma, ?????????????, ???????, ?? 8 mma, ???????????????? 12 mma. ?????? 10???????????[ 11, 12] , ?????????????. ????????????????????. ?1990~ 2000??, ???????????????????????. ???????????????????, ???????????, ????????????????????????????????????, ???741 3 ? ?  ??: ??????????????????????    ? 1 ??????? ( 1996- 06- 04~ 1998- 02- 24)Fig. 1 Differential interferogram (1996- 06- 04~ 1998- 02- 24)? 3 ???????Fig. 3  Linear subsidence rate field?2  PS ???Fig . 2 PS monitoring network? 4 ?????????Fig. 4 APS of the master acquisition?????. ??, ????????? 15 mm?????, ???????????? 1 mm ????[ 11] , ????????????????????.?1965???, ???????????????????, ??????????????????????????? [ 11] . ?????????, ?????????????????????????, ???????  4 mm, ???PS????????????????????.4  ?  ????????????????????DInSAR?????????????????????????????, ??????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????. ????????( 8 km  8 km)?????, ?? 1992~ 2002??? ERS- 12?742 ? ? ? ? ? ?( Chinese J. Geophys. ) 50 ? ????? 26? SAR??, ??? PS????????????, ?????????? 10 ??????????, ????????? 12mm?, ?????????????????????, ??? PS- DInSAR??????????????.?? PS?????????????????????????????????, ???????? PS???, ????????????????, PS??????????, ???????????(? GPS????????)????????. ?????????? PS- DInSAR ??????????, ? PS- DInSAR??????????????????, ??????????????????????????????.?  ?  ????????????????(???: 1227)?? SAR??.????(References)[ 1 ]  Wang Chao, Zhang Hong, Liu Zhi, et al . Satellite SARinterferometric observat ions of displacement associated with urbansubsidence in Suzhou Eastern China. Progress in Natural Science ,2002, 12(10) : 798~ 801[ 2 ]  Liu Guoxiang, Ding Xiaoli , Chen Yongqi, et al. 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永久散射体雷达差分干涉应用于区域地表沉降探测

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