Lund, Rasmus Søgaard

Mathiesen, Brian Vad

An energy supply based on 100% renewable energy in Denmark is the official goal for the Danish energy policy towards 2050. A smart energy system should be developed to integrate as much supply from fluctuating renewable sources and to utilise the scarce biomass resources as efficiently as possible. CHP (combined heat and power) plants in Denmark will change their role from base load production to balancing the fluctuation in renewable energy supply, such as wind power and at the same time they have to change to renewable energy sources. Some solutions are already being planned by utilities in Denmark; conversion of pulverised fuel plants from coal to wood pellets and a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) plant for wood chips. From scientific research projects another solution is suggested as the most feasible; the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant. In this study a four scenarios are constructed to analyse how the different alternatives influences the energy system. The scenarios are analysed in the energy systems modelling tool EnergyPLAN both from a technical energy systems perspective and from a market economic analysis with focus on the electricity exchange potential of the scenarios. The scenarios are assessed on their total socioeconomic costs and the biomass consumption. The CCGT CHP plant is concluded to be the most feasible of the assessed types considering both a technical analysis and a market economic analysis with electricity exchange. It is also concluded that the current economic framework for large CHP plants generates a mismatch between socioeconomy and business economy as well as an unsustainable level of biomass consumption and it is recommended to revise the regulatory framework

    Aalborg UniversitetLarge Combined Heat and Power Plants for Sustainable Energy SystemLund, Rasmus Søgaard; Mathiesen, Brian VadPublication date:2014Document VersionPeer reviewed versionLink to publication from Aalborg UniversityCitation for published version (APA):Lund, R. S., & Mathiesen, B. V. (2014). Large Combined Heat and Power Plants for Sustainable Energy System.Poster session presented at International School on Energy Systems, Kloster Seeon, Germany.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.            ? Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.            ? You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain            ? You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ?Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at vbn@aub.aau.dk providing details, and we will remove access tothe work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: April 25, 2017Highlights• Feasibility of different CHP plant types is analysed in a 100% renewable energy context Three large scale CHP types are compared in full system application Four scenarios are constructed and compared on system costs and fuel consumption Scenarios are modelled in the energy systems analysis tool EnergyPLAN Combined cycle gas turbines plants shows to be the most cost and fuel efficient technologyAcknowledgmentsThis project was partially financed by CopenhagenMunicipality and The Danish Strategic ResearchCouncil financed Research Centre 4DH – aninternational Research Centre of 4th GenerationDistrict Heating (www.4dh.dk).Authors: Rasmus Lund (rlund@plan.aau.dk, +45 9940 2421) and Brian Vad MathiesenAalborg University, Department of Development and Planning, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, DenmarkLarge Combined Heat and Power Plants for Sustainable Energy SystemsIntroductionDenmark has the ambitious goal of beingindependent of fossil fuels in 2050. Thisrequires radical changes to the ways energyis produced and consumed today. Largeamounts of renewable fluctuating resourceslike wind and solar will change the role ofCHP and power plants from mainly base loadoperation in the past (Fig. 2) to being aregulating reserve in the future (Fig. 3).It is important to consider the total energysystem rather than electricity, heating,transport, etc. individually to utilize synergiesbetween them. This is illustrated in thepotential reduction in fuel consumption fromFig. 2 to Fig. 3 still covering the same energydemands.References[1] Weirup, Karsten. 2011. Avedøre Holme. http://weirup.photoshelter.com/image/I0000M9QclrO5OdY[2] Mathiesen, B. V. et al. 2011. Coherent Energy and Environmental System Analysis (CEESA) 100% Renewable Energy Scenarios Towards 2050. [3] Danish Energy Agency. 2012. Technology Data for Energy Plants.556065707580140145150155160165CCGT CFB Low CFB High APFBiomass Consumption (TWh)Total Scenario Costs (BDKK)Total scenario costs Biomass consumptionFig 2. Simplified diagram of a traditional energysystem in Denmark with 25% wind powerintegration. Numbers indicate quantity of energyflows for electricity, heat and fuel; respectively black,red and yellowFig 3. Smart energy system with 75% wind powerintegration, heat pumps and synthetic fuelproduction. Numbers indicate quantity of energyflows for electricity, heat and fuel; respectively black,red and yellowMethodologyTo analyse the feasibility of the threedifferent types of CHP plants (Fig. 4) anumerical analysis of the technical operationof the plants is conducted. The technical andeconomic data for the plant types areimplemented into a smart energy systemsmodel with 100% RE in the Danish energysystem, developed in the CEESA project [2].The energy systems modelling toolEnergyPLAN is used to analyse the scenarios.EnergyPLAN is a deterministic input-outputmodel that operates with an hourly timeresolution.Scenario AnalysisFour scenarios are constructed to representeach of the power plant technologies. Thereare two scenarios for the CFB because itturned out that the installed capacity is veryimportant for the operation of the system inthis case.There are two main indicative parameters:1. Total scenario costs are the socioeconomiccosts of the total energy system includinginvestments, O&M, fuel and electricityexchange for all energy sectors.2. Biomass, as the only primary fuel source,is important when assessing thesustainability of the consumption in thescenarios.Fig 4. Diagrams illustrating the 2050 technologyassumptions of conversion efficiencies for the threeCHP plant types analysed. Values in brackets indicaterespectively electricity-only or heat-only operation[3].Fig 1. Photo of the Avedøre (Biomass and coal) CHPplant and wind turbine near Copenhagen [1]Results and DiscussionThe main results of the analysis can be seenin Fig. 5. The CCGT system has the lowestvalues for both costs and biomassconsumption, and is thereby seen as the bestof the analysed alternatives for a RE systemin Denmark.It should be noticed that the CCGT plantindividually from a technical point of view(Fig. 4) is not the most efficient system, butin the context of a RE system its betterflexibility, a higher electric efficiency and itsrelatively low investment costs makes it abetter choice.In the light of the long technical lifetime ofnew power plants it should be consideredhow CCGT plants can soon start to beimplemented to avoid a future technologylock-in to plants poorly suited for REsystems.Fig 5. Graph showing the main results of thescenario analysis for the four analysed scenarios.

Large Combined Heat and Power Plants for Sustainable Energy System

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Large Combined Heat and Power Plants for Sustainable Energy System

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