Singh, Amritpal

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            Ethnobotanical Leaflets 11: 73-75. 2007.  SHORT REVIEW Didymocarpus pedicellata: The Lithontriptic Ethnomedicine  Dr. Amrit Pal Singh PGDMB; BAMS; MD (Alternative Medicine), Herbal Consultant, Ind-Swift Ltd, Chandigarh Address for correspondence:House No: 2101 Phase-7,Mohali-160062.Email amritpal2101@yahoo.com Issued 24 May 2007  Didymocarpus pedicellata R.Br. (Gesneriaceae) is valuable although a lesser known medicinal plant.It is popularly known as stone flower. In Ayurveda it is known as shilapushpa, shantapushpi andsometimes pasanbheda (Bahl &.Seshadri, 1978). In common language it is known as charela orpatharphori. Traditionally Didymocarpus pedicellata is used in the treatment of renal diseases particularly kidneystones (Kapoor & Kapoor, 1976). According to a hypothesis the plant is supposed to regulate calciumabsorption in the body. The plant is known for its diuretic effect and in maintaining healthy urinarytract. In Ayurveda pasanbheda is a drug of controversial origin. Further work on proper botanicalidentification of pasanbheda is warranted. The following plants are used as pasanbheda in differentparts of India (Singh & Sandhu, 2005):  S.no Botanical name Natural order Phytochemicals Parts used1. Bergenia ligulata(Wall.) Engl. Saxifragaceae Coumarin(bergenin), gallicacid, tannic acid,minerals and wax.Seeds2. Bryophyllumcalycinum Salisb.Crassulaceae Citric acid, malicacid and flavonoidsLeaves3. Aerva lanataJuss.ex Schult. Amaranthaceae a-amyrin and ß-sitosterolRoots4. Bridelia crenulata Euphorbiaceae ? Stem bark5. Coleus Lamiaceae Essential oil Leavesamboinicus Lour. (contains carvacrol)6. Decalepisarayalpatra Joseph& Chandrasekharan Periplocaceae ?  7. Homonoia riporiaLour.Euphorbiaceae Isoflavonoids  8. Rotula aquaticaLour.Boraginaceae Tannins Whole plant  The plant is native to Tropical Asia (McGuffinet al). Didymocarpus pedicellata is a small herb with a reduced stem, bearing 2-3 pairs of opposite, roundyovate, glabrous, glandular-punctate leaves, 3-6 inches in diameter (Kapoor & Kapoor, 1976; Shah,Shah & Mody, 1972). Chemically, the plant contains: 1. Chalcones (Rathore, Garg & Gupta, 1981): pashanone (Agarwal, Bhaskar & Sheshadri).2. Polyterpenes: didymocarpol and didymacarpenol3. Flavonoid: didmyocarpin (Bose & Chauadhary, 1978; Garg, Gupta & Sharma, 1979), isodidmyocarpin(Bose & Chauadhary, 1978), pedicin, isopedicin and pedicellin (Sharma & Siddiqui,1939) andpediflavone (Guha & Bhattacharya, 1992).4. Dicarboxylic acid: pedicellic acid (Rao et al, 1966). This is considered to be the active principle ofDidymocarpus pedicellata extracts. This compound is also valued for anticancer activity.5. Essential oil: main compound is didymocarpene (Singh, Sinha & Pathak, 1978). The essential oil of Didymocarpus pedicellata has antimicrobial activity (Singh, Sinha & Pathak,1978). Ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Didymocarpus pedicellata demonstrated significant antioxidantand protective activity against ferric nitriloacetate induced renal oxidative stress, nephrotoxicity andtumor promotion response. Further the extract provided significant protection against. The extract alsosignificantly and dose-dependently protected against ferric nitriloacetate mediated damage to lipidsand DNA. The nephroprotective activity of the plant is attributed to polyphenolic compounds. Thestudy further supported ancient use of plant in the treatment of kidney diseases (Kaur et al., 2007). References 1.                  Agarwal, S.C., Bhaskar, A. & T.R. Sheshadri. 1972. Constituents of the roots ofDidymocarpus pedicellata. Isolation and structure of pashanone, a new chalcone. Indian JChem 12:2-5.2.                  Bahl, C.P. & T.R. Seshadri. Eds.1978. Pashanbhedi: drugs for urinary calculus, K.N. Udupa77-98.3.                  Bose. P.C. & N. Chauadhary. 1978. Didmyocarpin, a new flavanone from Didymocarpuspedicellata. Phytochem 17:587-8.4.                  Bose. P.C. & N. Chauadhary. 1978. Isodidmyocarpin, a new chalcone from Didymocarpuspedicellata. J Indian Chem 25:1198-1200.5.                  Garg, S.K., Gupta, S.R. & N.D. Sharma. 1979. Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-5, 6, 8-trimethoxyflavone: revision of structure of didmyocarpin. Indian J Chem 17B:394-5.6.                  Guha, P.K. & A. Bhattacharya. 1992. 5, 8-dihydroxyflavone from the immature leaves ofDidymocarpus pedicellata. Phytochem 31(5): 1833-34.  7.                  Kapoor, S.L. & L.D. Kapoor. 1976. On the botany and distribution of `pashanbheda', SachitraAyurved  28, 12, 769-791.8.                  Kaur, G. et al. 2007. Protective effect of Didymocarpus pedicellata on ferric nitriloacetateinduced renal oxidative stress and hyperproliferative response. Chem Biol Interact 165(1):33-34.9.                  McGuffin, M. et al. eds. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. (Herbs Commerce ed2)10.              Rao, K.V. et al. 1966. Isolation and constitution of pedicellic acid a new dicarboxylic acidfrom the leaves of Didymocarpus pedicellata. Tetrahedron  22(4):1495-98.11.              Rathore, J.S., Garg, S.K. & S.R. Gupta. 1981. A chalcone and flavanones from Didymocarpuspedicellata. Phytochem 20:1755-6.12.              Rathore, J.S. et al. 1981. New phenolic compounds of Didymocarpus pedicellata. Phytochem43:86-8.13.              Shah, C.S., Shah, N. & K.D. Mody. 1972. Pharmacognostic study of pashanbhed: I-III:Bergenia ciliata and Didymocarpus pedicellata. Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research12(1): 182-193.14.              Sharma, V. & S. Siddiqui. 1939. The constituents of Didymocarpus pedicellata. Part 11.Comparative studies in the constitution of pedicin, isopedicin and pedicellin. J Indian ChemSoc 16:1-8.15.              Siddiqui, S. 1937. The constituents of Didymocarpus pedicellata. Part 1. Isolation of a newseries of colouring matter. J Indian Chem Soc 12:703-8.16.               Singh, A. & A.S. Sandhu. 2005. A Dictionary of Medicinal Plants. Sundeep Publishers, NewDelhi.17.              Singh, P., Sinha, G.K. & RC. Pathak. 1978. Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils JRIM13(4):111-114.  

\u3cem\u3eDidymocarpus pedicellata\u3c/em\u3e: The Lithontriptic Ethnomedicine

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\u3cem\u3eDidymocarpus pedicellata\u3c/em\u3e: The Lithontriptic Ethnomedicine

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