Розглядаються головні напрями критики світоглядної концепції Л.М. Толстого
його послідовників: загальна абстрактність і нечіткість толстовських ідеалів, вузькість раціоналізму релігійних бачень, невірність окремих філософських принципів
толстовства, непослідовність самого мислителя у втіленні соціального компоненту
свого навчання, неефективність альтернативного, заснованого на концепції
непротиву злу насиллям, толстовського засобу зміни суспільства шляхом морального
розвитку його адептів.В работе рассматриваются основные направления критики мировоззренческой
концепции Л.Н.Толстого его последователями: общая отвлеченность и нечеткость
толстовских идеалов, узость рационализма религиозных воззрений, неверность
отдельных философских принципов толстовства, непоследовательность самого
мыслителя в воплощении социального компонента своего учения, неэффективность
альтернативного, основанного на концепции непротивления злу насилием, толстовского
способа изменения общества путем нравственного развития его представителей.The article is aimed at presenting and analyzing main criticism directions of Tolstoyism
by its disciples. The idea of moral self-improvement is considered as the central principle,
uniting all Tolstoyans; existence among them of two various its interpretations causes the logical
division of Tolstoyism’s criticism into religious and social aspects. Due to the specifics of
Tolstoyism and the Tolstoyan movement, such category as “former tolstoyans” can’t be
distinguished, therefore the opinions of all the people, who had ever been Tolstoy’s followers
are presented. Within the criticism of the religious concept Tolstoyans paid attention to the
abstractness of Tolstoyism ideals which generated, on the one hand, compromises with
convictions, and on the other hand, problems with a choice of the lifestyle in accordance to
them. Tolstoyans noticed the narrowness of religious rationalism of Tolstoyism which could not
always satisfy their religious requirements. Moreover, Tolstoyans’ opinions on the particular
philosophical principles of Tolstoyism are presented in the article: concept of the evil,
vegetarianism, negation of sexual life. Author specifies, that Tolstoyans, as well as outside
observers, criticized Tolstoy’s inconsistency in carrying out his social ideas: sometimes the
disappointment in L.Tolstoy’s person turned into the loss of faith in the Tolstoyism principles
feasibility and into their gradual denial. The concept of the society transformation by moral
improvement of its certain members was the main object of the Tolstoyan movement criticism in
terms of social aspect: Tolstoyans not only noted its impossibility, but also stressed their
dissatisfaction with the passive struggle for social justice. Tolstoyan social program was closely
related to the non-resistance to evil principle which frequently became the object of social
ideas criticism. Prince Mikhail Khilkov, who after the Tolstoyism was seized by revolutionary
ideas and then returned to Orthodoxy, paid considerable attention to the question of
nonresistance. In different periods of his life he pointed at the reactionism and harmfulness of
the Tolstoyans’ social ideas, at theoretical invalidity and practical inapplicability of nonresistance
doctrine. The author notes that the scheme for the main criticism directions of
Tolsoyism by its disciples stated in this work could be enlarged and extended in future
