Al Abbas, Tarek

Almer, Oscar

Dutton, Neale

Erdogan, Ahmet

Finlayson, Neil

Gyongy, Istvan

Henderson, Robert K.

Hopkinson, Charlotte

English

A miniaturized 1.4mm × 1.4mm, 128 × 120 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensor with a 5-wire interface is designed for time-resolved fluorescence microendoscopy. This is the first endoscopic chip-on-tip sensor capable of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). The sensor provides a novel, compact means to extend the photon counting dynamic range (DR) by partitioning the required bit-depth between in-pixel counters and off-pixel noiseless frame summation. The sensor is implemented in STMicroelectronics 40nm/90nm 3D-stacked backside-illuminated (BSI) CMOS process with 8 μm pixels and 45% fill factor. The sensor capabilities are demonstrated through FLIM examples, including ex-vivo human lung tissue, obtained at video rate

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A High Dynamic Range 128×120 3D-Stacked CMOS SPAD Image Sensor SoC for Fluorescence Microendoscopy

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/252858429/JSSC_acceptedFeb2022.pdf

A High Dynamic Range 128×120 3D-Stacked CMOS SPAD Image Sensor SoC for Fluorescence Microendoscopy

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