New data for the direct measurement of the isotopic composition of neodymium in Atlantic Ocean seawater are compared with previous measurements of Pacific Ocean seawater and ferromanganese sediments from major ocean basins. Data for Atlantic seawater are in excellent agreement with Nd isotopic measurements made on Atlantic ferromanganese sediments and are distinctly different from the observed compositions of Pacific samples. These results clearly demonstrate the existence of distinctive differences in the isotopic composition of Nd in the waters of the major ocean basins and are characteristic of the ocean basin sampled. The average eNd(0) values for the major oceans as determined by data from seawater and ferromanganese sediments are as follows: Atlantic Ocean, eNd(0) = -12 ± 2; Indian Ocean, eNd(0) = -8 ± 2; Pacific Ocean, eNd(0) = -3 ± 2. These values are considerably less than eNd(0) value sources with oceanic mantle affinities indicating that the REE in the oceans are dominated by continental sources. The difference in the absolute abundance of 143Nd between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans corresponds to ab. 10**6 atoms 143Nd per gram of seawater. The correspondence between the 143Nd/144Nd in seawater and in the associated sediments suggests the possible application of this approach to paleo-oceanography. Distinctive differences in eNd(0) values are observed in the Atlantic Ocean between deep-ocean water associated with North Atlantic Deep Water and near-surface water. This suggests that North Atlantic Deep Water may be relatively well mixed with respect to Nd isotopic composition whereas near-surface water may be quite heterogeneous, reflecting different sources for surface waters relative to deep water. This suggests that it may be possible to distinguish the sources of water masses within an ocean basin on the basis of Nd isotopic composition. The Nd isotopic variations in seawater are used to relate the residence time of Nd and mixing rates between the oceans
