Fil: Martorelli, Sergio Roberto. Centro de Estudios en Parasitología y Vectores (CEPAVE). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ivanov, Verónica. Centro de Estudios en Parasitología y Vectores (CEPAVE). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Ivanov, Verónica

Martorelli, Sergio Roberto

Naturalis

Stebbins, R. C. 1985. A held guide to westem reptiles and amphibians. Houghton MiRlin. Boston. Mas- sachusetts. 336 pp. Upton. S. J, and C. T. McAlli~ter. 1990. The Ei- meria (Apicornplexa: Eimeriidae) of Serpenta. with descriptions of three new spccies Gorn col- ubrid snakes. Canadian Joumal of Zoology 68: 855-864. -- .S. E. Trnuth, and D. K. Bibb. 1992. Description of two new spccies of coccidia (Api- complexa: Eimeriorina) from Bar-headed snakes, Tanrilla gracilis (Serpenres: Colubndae) and re- classihcation of misnomer species within the gen- era Isospora and Sarcocysris from snakes. Trans- actions of the Arnerican Microscopical Society I I 1: jM0.  J. Hclminthol. Soc. Wash. 6x11. 1996. PP. 13+135 Ruearch Note Host-Induced and Geographical Variation in Levinseniella cruti Travassos, 1920 (Digenea: Microphallidae) SERGIO R. MARTORELLI AND VERONICA A. IVANOV Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICFT-UNLP). Calle 2 No. 584. La Plata 1900, Bs. As. Argentina. e-mail: postmaste~pave.edu.ar ~ C T :  Morphological variation in Levinseniella cmzi (Digenea: Microphallidae) among the h o s ~  from 3 localities, Rollandia rolland chilensu (Podicipcdi- &e), Himanropus melanurur (Recurvirostridae). and Vanellus chilemis larnpronocus (Charadriidae). vas an- alyred through an ANOVA test and wirh cluster anal- ysY. A great variation in body shape and size of par- asites is noted. Male pocket length and number.suckcr diame:er. pharynxandgenical papillae Iength, and rauo of suckers appear co be the most constant features and, therefore, valuable for systematic purposes. The mor- phological variation is discussed in relalion io host species and geographical distribution. A new host for L. cruzi is reponed. ~n WORDS: Digenea. Microphallidae, Aquatic birds, host-induced variations. Levimeniella cmri was previously reponed by Manorelli ( 1988) from the ceca of 2 birds korn Buenos Aires Province: the white tufted grebe, Rollnndia rolland chilensis Lessoa, 1828 (Podi- cipedidae) and the South Amencan stilk Hi- manlopus melanurus Vieiliot, 18 17 (Recwi- rostridae). We anaiyred the rnorphologicai vari- ation of L. cmzi arnong avian hosu from various geographic locaiities. Dehaitive hosu were colieaed from 3 locali- ties related wth lenric freshwater environments in Buenos Aires Province (Argentine): Chasco- mus, a typicai "pampa lagoon" which drains in Rio Saiado system (35'36'S, 58"00'W): Mar Chi- quita, a large lagoon by the sea in contact with the Atlantic Ocean (37*46'S, 579?7'W and Los Talas. artificial and small lagoons related to the Rio de La Plata system (34"52'S, j7"00JW). Six specimens of each species of bird included in this study were examined: R. r. chilensis from Los Talas, R. r. chilemis from Chascomiis, and. H. melnnurur and Vanel lu  chilemis lampron-5 orus Wagler, 1827 (Charadriidae) frorn Mar Chi- quira. Voucher spccirnens of this parasite From di$ ferent hosts and localities were deposited in [he, Museo de la Plata. La Plata. Buenos Aires, Ar- gentina, Helminth Coll. no. 3303 a. b: 3304 a, b, c: 3305 a. b. and in USNPC 84905-84908. XU [he digeneans measured were recovered alive from rhe bird's cecum. fixed in Bouin Hol- lande pressured with a cover glass, stained in Langeron alcóholic carmine, dehydrated in e&-. anol, clearedin creosote, and rnounted in natural Canada balsarn. Al dirnensions were piven in rnfimerers. The rnorphologicai variation was snidied taking into consideration the rneasure-. mears shown in Table l .  One-way anaiysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's rnultiple range test were used to appra i s  differences in these morphologicai dirnensiom. among 3 groups of specimens: 1) parasites from R. r. chi1ensi.s. 2 )  parasites From H. rnelanurw and 3) parasites from V. ch. lampronolus (re- ferred to as groups 1, 2, and 3 hereafter). Moreover, in order to Eornpare [he specirnenh ofL. cruzi from diffe~eat hosts aadtheir I d t i e s  Table 1. Mc~surernenti oí speximens o1 Larinrcniclla cmzi hw ditiereat hat* Al1 maurementi are giren in m m  MY Oral length nrka I n t u  - - Re- ~ í l  Body -y Bodr Oral Venmi Venvll Pha- Esophrgiu le"* WX - Icngth wdlh width suckcr sudter suckcr lenglh lcngth Fombody lensth lag* R. r. chilemis Mcan 0.803 0.354 2.24 0.085 0.066 1.292 0.041 0.094 3.801 0.104 0.241 Maximum 1.319 0.459 2.95 0.102 0.079 1.593 0.048 0.199 5.841 0.179 0.329 Minimum 0.512 0.239 1.66 0.066 0.059 0.881 0.031 0.028 2709 0.039 0.168 SD 0.245 0.069 0.36 0.011 0.006 0.208 0.003 0.044 1.017 0.034 0.053 iV 20 20 20 19 20 19 19 17 17 16 14 H. m e l m w u  M a n  0.702 0.285 2.52 0.078 0.061 1.321 0.038 0.139 2719 0.041 0.25 Maximum 1.014 0.468 2.94 0.108 0.078 1.818 0.048 0.168 3.346 0.072 0.357 .Minimum 0.592 0.208 2.05 0.059 0.044 1.101) 0.024 0.084 t l 4 l  0.028 0.179 SD 0.114 0.072 0.18 0.013 0.011 0.179 0.007 0.029 0.407 0.012 0.058 IV 14 14 14 14 13 13 14 I I 1 I 12 10 V. ch. lampmnorvr Mcan 0.902 0.429 2.12 0.088 0.069 1.271 0.043 0.159 3.175 0.041 0.317 Maxtmum 1.329 0.559 1.81 0.109 0.088 1.49? 0.052 0.186 4.527 0.072 0.403 .Minimum 0.649 0.304 1.51 0.064 0.057 1.016 0.032 0.084 1.645 0.019 0.209 SD 0.159 0.063 0.32 0.012 0.008 0.125 0.006 0.044 0.461 0.013 0.059 iV 25 25 25 24 24 24 22 IZ 22 20 ?O Malc Walc S e m i d  Gcnilal Genital pockct poekct Egg Body lcnm Ovary Right ~ c t t  veside plpdiae E plp* number lcngth lcngth Egg lcngth l cnm mus m& l e n d  length width - -~ ~ -- - p-~ - ~ -- -- R. r. chilens~s M a n  7.2 0.016 0.019 40.71 0.074 0.102 0.089 0.089 0.023 0.018 Maximum 10 0.023 0.024 73.33 0.091 0.114 0.104 0.108 0.024 0.019 Minirnum 6 0.01 1 0.018 23.33 0.048 0.081 0.082 0.066 0.023 0.016 SD 1.4 0.003 0.001 13.89 0.013 0.011 0.008 0.012 0.0005 0.002 .V I 2 9 ZO 10 8 6 4 10 2 1 H. melanum M a n  6.8 0.016 0.019 35.51 0.077 0.061 0.054 0.086 0.023 0.018 Maimum 8 0.016 0.021 49.78 0.108 0.069 0.054 0.088 0.035 0.019 Mimmum 6 0.016 0.018 30.39 0.052 0.053 0.054 0.083 0.012 0.016 SD 0.8 O 0.001 6.005 0.017 0.008 O 0.002 0.009 0.002 aV S I . 14 14 5 2 I 3 2 2 V. ch. lampmnonrr ~Mean 7.8 0.018 0.019 47.22 0.081 0.107 0.102 0.141 0.031 0.021 Maximum 10 0.035 0.024 78.24 0.093 0.121 0.109 0.152 0.039 0.024 Minimum 6 0.01 - 0.017 31.57 0.075 0.099 0.087 0.131 0.026 0.018 SD 1.3 0.007 0.002 11.22 0.007 0.009 0.007 0 . W  0.004 0.002 N 17 13 23 2 3 .  10 8 S 3 j 7 SD - Sirtadard dcwation. IV - numkr of parasitu Fi-l-9. Lsvinrcniclla cruz¡. 1,2- Speeimem oG L. cnui hmR.  r. chüauitin Ctuucomís(?enb.L*cn); 3- Specimens of L c& fron r. ch i luuu  im Lm Tnlns (?enenL new). 4-6, Specimens of L C n i r i  h a %  R- ~ ~ ~ l a n n n u  i p M s  Chiquita (Fig-4: d o d n e a ,  Figs. 5 and 6:rentrdnew). 7-9rSpccbem M L e& Ira-Y- ck- h p r o n o n u  in. Mnc Chiquita (Fi-7 nnb 9: doni3 rbw, Rg-8: renlmLricr). Figure 10: Simiinri9 dendrolpam of specimem oí L cruz¡ from diaereat has= and l d i ie*  1 PSVPS~~CS froorR-r. chíJmsu hChucomk+ 2 = puas i teshmRr.  chilaiuu in b T I i u . 3  - m i t e s  koncH.- i r r b  Chiqoite.4 = p d t e s  from V. c L  lompronohu in Mar Chiquita- Tnble 2. Summary of  one-wny nnnlysis of  vnrinnce (ANOVA). Source of variation df Body length (BI) Body width (Bw) BVBw Oral suckcr (Os) Ventral sucker (Vi) O d V ,  Prepharynx Iength Phatynx Iength Esophagus lcngth intestinal ceca length Righl testis diameter Lefr t e s u  diameter Ovary diameter Seminal vesicle length Genital papillae length Genital papillae width Male pockcts number Male pcckets length BVForcbody length Egg length (El) BVEl df - dwees of frcedom, M S  - mean qm. taking into consideration al1 the rneasurements at the sarne time (Table l), a cluster analysis was applied. In order to obtain a rnatrix with a low number of rnissing data, rneasurements such as testes and ovary diarneter, male pockets. genital papillae. and seminal vesicle length were exclud- ed from the analysis because such characren could not be measured in specirnens where the eggs overlapped thern. The product-rnoment corre- Tnble 3. S igni f icmt  difierences betweeo groops (Tn- key's multiple range test). R. r. H. R r. ch i !emi t  m e l a m -  chilemis- V. ch V. ch H. m i -  lampm- larnpro- Sourceof variation a n w  norus noiu B O ~ Y  (BI) Body wdth (Bw) BUBw Venval sucker hpharynx Ieneth Esphagus length Lntaanal c a ~  l e n eRighc tenis diameta .. LcR msus diameter Seminal vesicle length BUForcWy length BVEge length lation coeíñcient ( r )  was applied and the resulting dendrograrn was constructed using the UPGMA merhod. The distortion caused by this method was measured by calculating the cophenetic cor- relation coeíñcient (CCC) (Rohlf, 1970). We found L. cruzi in the cecum of the southern lapwing V. ch. lampronorus kom Mar Chiquita as well as in R. r. chilensis and H. rnelanum as previously reponed by ~Manorelli (1988). In Fig- ures 1-9, specirnens of L. cruzi in different hosts are shown a t  the sarne magaification. A surnrnary of the ANOVA for the 3 groups is presented in Table 2. In Table 3 ,  the contrasu among the groups of parasites for mean mea- surements are shown. As noted in Figure 10. the results of the cluster anaiysis of L. cruzi specirnens show the 2 largest clusters separated a t  a low vaiue of correlation ( r  = -0.27). One of thern contains specirnens frorn H. melanurus and V. ch. lampronorus from Mar Chiquita. and the other specimens from R. r. chilensis frorn Chascornús and Los Talas. This result rnight suggest h e  presence of geographcal variation, as Kennedy ( 1  980a) found for He- maroloechus sp. The former cluster is divided into 2 groups (r = -O. 12): 1 contains specirnens from H. melan- urus and the other those from V. ch. lampron- o t u .  which indicates host-induced vanation (Blankespoor. 1974; Kennedy, 1 980b). The latter cluster is formed on one hand by specimens from R. r. chilemis in Chascomús and on the other by specimens from this host in Los Talas (r = 0.02). The great variation in body size and shape of specimens in L. cmzi was one ofthe most notable features. Parasites from R. r .  chilemis are usually pear-shaped with the forebody clearly prolonged in some specimens. Those from H. rnelanutus have a pear-shaped body but are smaller in size. Pear-shaped, oval. and tongue-shaped speci- mens could be seen parasitizing V. ch. lampron- otus (Figs. 1-9). The most important taxonomic features of L. cmzi include terminal genitalia and the position of vitelline glands (Deblock, 197 1). We suggest that male pocket length and number, oral sucker and ovary diameter, pharynx andgenital papillae length. and the oral sucker/ventral sucker ratio are less subject to variation and, therefore. valu- able for systematic purposes. Finally. the repon of a new dehnitive host for L. cmziconhrms the low specihcity for this group of parasites. As far as we know, L. cmzi has been reported from a mamalian host, Scapteromys aquaticus (Cncetidae), by Sutton and Lunaschi (1 994), and avian hosts of 4 direrent families: .-innas bahamensrs (Anatidae) by Travassos ( 1920). R. r. chilemo(Podicipedidae) and H. me- l a n u m  (Recurvirostndae) by Martorelli (1988). and V. ch. lampronorur (Charadnidae) in this study. Literature Cited Blnnkapoor, H. D. 1974. Hosr-induced variation in Plagiorchis noblei Park. 1936 (Plagiorchiidae: Tremaroda). The American tkfidland Naturalisr 924 15-434. Deblock. S. 197 1. Contriburion a I'erude des Micro- phailidae Travassos, 1920 XXIV. Tenrauve de phylogenieet de taxonomie. Bulletin du MuYurn National d'Histoire Naturelle. Zoologie 7358-467. Kenndy, M. J. 1980a. Geographical variations in some rcprcsentarives of Haernaroloechus h s s .  1899 (Tnmatoda: Haemaroloechidae) from Can- ada and thc United States. Canadian Journal o! Zoology 58:l 15  1-1 167. --. 1980b. Host-induced variarions in Haema- rolocchus buttensls (Trematoda: Haematoloechi- dae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 58:427442. ,Mnrtoralli. S. R. 1988. EL ciclo biológico de Levin- seniella cmzi Travassos. 1920 (Digenea, Micro- phallidae) parasita de los ciegos c01icos de Rol- landia rolland chilemis (Aves. Podicipedidae) r Hirnantopus rnelanurus (Aves. Recurvirostndae) Ihenngia 68:4942. Rohlf. F. J. 1970. Adaptive hierarchical clustering schema. Systernatic Zoology 19:>&82. Sunon, C. A, nnd L. 1. Lunaschi. 1994. Estudio sobrt digeneos parásitos de roedores Cncetidae y Mii. idae. de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Argenuc Neotropica 40:6 1-72. Trnvwos. L. 1920. Contribuco para o ,:J!!J?-. mento de fauna helrnindiologica brasileira. [S Sobre as especies da subfamJia Microphalina Ward. 1901. Archivos. Escola Supenor de Agr cultura e Medicina Veterinaria. 4:85-9 1. 

Host-Induced and Geographical Variation in Levinseniella-Cruzi Travassos, 1920 (Digenea, Microphallidae)

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