A survey of the excavations in Gorgippia conducted in 2012 and 2016 by the expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (IHMC) in 2012 and 2016.Обзор раскопок в Горгиппии, проводившихся в 2012 и 2016 годах экспедицией Института истории материальной культуры (ИИМК) в 2012 и 2016 гг

Goroncharovskiy, Vladimir A.

Kashaev, Sergey V.

Vakhtina, Marina Ju.

English

BOP Serials

194Vladimir Goroncharovskiy, Marina Vakhtina, Sergey KashaevEXCAVATIONS OF GORGIPPIA AND ITS NECROPOLIS IN 2012 AND 2016*Excavations of ancient Gorgippia were conducted intermittently over almost one hundred and ninety years and gave a fairly complete picture of its boundaries and dimensions in diff erent chronological periods from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD (Fig. 1).1 Works of the last decade have complemented these results, although they were inconsiderable and concerned mainly with the areas of construction in connection with various building projects in Anapa. Some of the objects were investigated by the staff  of the Department of History of Classical Culture of the Institute for the History of Material Culture (IHMC) RAS.Necropolis. In 20122 the Anapa detachment of the Bosporan Expedi-tion of IHMC RAS conducted protective excavations in the area of about 300 sq. m of the cinema and concert hall “Victory” (Fig. 1; 2). In antiquity, here was the south-eastern border of the necropolis of Gorgippia.3 During the construction of the projected building in 1987, several burials of the 2nd century BC – 3rd century AD were opened here. The opportunity to complete the study of this territory appeared in connection with the planned reconstruction of the former cinema hall.In the course of the preparation of the site for excavation it was necessary to remove a ballast trash layer approximately 2 m thick. Some materials of the Hellenistic time were uncovered in a redeposited stratum beneath it. Among the fi nds, noteworthy are a Koan stamp of the 3rd – early 2nd centuries BC (rare in the Northern Black Sea coast) with an * The investigation was conducted according to the program 0184-2019-0005 ofFundamental Scientifi c Investigations of the RAS: “Culture of states of the Classical period in the Northern Black Sea region. Subcultures of the ruling elite and common people”.1 Alekseeva 1997 [Е. М. Алексеева, Античный город Горгиппия].2 For technical reasons a brief report on these excavations was not included in the archaeological section of the journal devoted to the St. Petersburg archaeological expeditions that worked in the Northern Black Sea region in 2006–2013.3 Alekseeva 1991 [Е. М. Алексеева, Греческая колонизация Северо-Западного Кавказа], 282 Pl. 2.Hyperboreus 25:1 (2019) 194–204195Gorgippia   Fig. 1. Archaeological plan of Anapa (by E. V. Alekseeva): a – cultural layers of the townsite; б – area of the necropolis; в, г – building trenches under supervision; д – excavated area of 2016; 108 – the legend number for the excavation trench in the territory of the cinema “Victory” in 2012;  – excavation area of 2016 on the territory of the resort “Motylyok”emblem representing a caduceus and the name Σαραπ[ί](ωνος)4 (Fig. 3. 1) and a Sinopean stamp ἀστυνόμου / Ἰοβάκχου τοῦ / [Μολ]παγόρου. / Ἀπατούριος [prow of a ship]  of 250–215 BC (Fig. 3. 2).54 The only analogy is the stamp from the excavations of Olbia in 1912. I take this opportunity to thank Prof. Sergey Monakhov (Saratov State University) for his advice on this matter. 5 Compare: Katz 2007 [В. И. Кац, Греческие керамические клейма эпохи классики и эллинизма (опыт комплексного изучения)], 266 Pl. 13, 10.Nабвгд108Fig. 2. Plan of the excavation trench of 2012 in the territory of the cinema197Gorgippia   Fig. 3. Finds from the excavations in the territory of the cinema: 1, 2 – pottery stamps of the 3rd – early 2nd centuries BC; 3 – grayware oinochoe; 4 – glass aryballos; 5 – redware jug; 6 – bronze rectangular girdle clasp1 23 45 6Vladimir Goroncharovskiy, Marina Vakhtina, Sergey Kashaev198When clearing the rock’s surface in the northwestern corner of the excavation trench, Burial 1 was found. Its dimensions were 1.2×0.44 m with the depth of 0.14–0.23 m down the edge of the grave. Its fi ll contained skeletal remains of a 2–4-year-old child, a grayware oinochoe (Fig. 3. 3) and a glass aryballos of the second half of the 1st century AD (Fig. 3. 4). Excavation of a layer of rock debris opened Burial 2 in the southern part of the excavation trench. The dimensions of the grave were 2×0.57 m with the depth of 0.25–0.35 m down the edge of the pit. It contained only skeletal remains of a woman 25–35 years old, a child 3–7 years old and a redware jug of the 1st century AD (Fig. 3. 5).Burial 3 was measuring 1.5 m × 0.52–0.56 m and was 0.64 m deep. At the bottom of the grave there were the remains of a male aged 35–45 years old. At his pelvis there was a bronze rectangular girdle clasp of the 1st century AD (Fig. 3. 6).6 Obviously the interment was made in a wooden coffi  n. Anyway, wood decay was present under the remains of the skeleton, and two iron nails were found in the upper part of the fi ll of the grave. Burials 4 and 5 were robbed still in antiquity.Summing up the results of the rescue excavations it is of note that in the Hellenistic period the investigated site was not used as a cemetery. Two groups of burials in grave pits are chronologically close to the 1st century AD. Three burials of the northern group are characterized by their orientation to the south-east or south-east-east. By contrast, the burials of the southern group were directed to north-east or north-north-east. Perhaps these local features are due to the fact that they are associated with burials of relatives.Townsite. In 2016, IHMC RAS jointly with the organization “Kuban Archeology” (Krasnodar) conducted rescue excavations in the south-eastern part of Gorgippia in the territory of the Resort “Motylyok” (Fig. 1). The investigations comprised an area of 250 sq. m intended for the construction of a swimming pool (Fig. 4). Below a rubbish layer about 1.6 m thick, a redeposited layer was found dated to the 4th century BC – 3rd century AD. In addition to the archaeological mass material, a fragment of a black-glossed kantharos with the graffi  to Πανίσκος (Fig. 5. 1), a terracotta with an erotic scene (Fig. 5. 2), a bronze locking plate from a casket in the form of a herm (Fig. 5. 3), a tetrassarius of the emperor Diadumenian of the 218 AD (Fig. 5. 4), and an oval almandine insert of a ring (cabochon) with a representation of a cornucopia (1st century BC – 1st century AD) 7 (Fig. 5. 5) were here unearthed.6 Compare: Simonovich 1983 [Э. А. Сымонович, Население столицы поздне-скиф ского царства], 64 Pl. XXXIX, 16.7 Catalogue of the Collection of Antique Gems 1993 [Каталог собрания антич-ных гемм], 23 Fig. 12.199Gorgippia   Fig. 4. Motylyok-2016. Plan of the excavation trenchVladimir Goroncharovskiy, Marina Vakhtina, Sergey Kashaev200Fig. 5. Finds from the redeposited layer of the 4th century BC – 3rd century AD: 1 – fragment of black-glossed kantharos with graffi  to; 2 – bronze plate in the form of a herm; 3 – terracotta with an erotic scene; 4 – copper coin of the emperor Diadumenian of 218 AD; 5 – oval almandine insert of a ring 12 34 5201Gorgippia   In the course of further excavations, the urban area of the middle of the 4th century BC – 240 AD was investigated. The remains of a house of the second half of the 4th century BC (a section of the wall, a pavement, as well as a pit containing a Chian amphora) were here partially preserved. One of the fi nds suggests a public purpose of the place. It is a tile of local manufacture with the stamp ΑΡΧΕΙΑ (Fig. 6. 1). Over two dozens of similar stamps are known. It seems that the buildings where they were found were somehow related with authorities of Gorgippia.8 Of considerable interest is also a bone part of the chair back in the form of a swan’s head (Fig. 6. 2).9 It gives us an idea of some types of ceremonial furniture of the 4th century BC used in the Bosporan Kingdom.In the Hellenistic period this urban district was actually abandoned and used only for economic purposes. In particular, the remains of a rectangular hearth and a pit of this date were found near the northern side of the trench. In the southern part of the excavated area a circular well appeared at the same time. Judging by the fi nds in the fi ll, the circular well continued in use until the 2nd century AD.8 Katz 2015 [В. И. Кац, Керамические клейма Азиатского Боспора. Горгиппия и ее хора. Семибратнее городище], 182, 186–187 Pl. 2, 1–4.9 Goroncharovskiy–Tikhonova 2016 [В. А. Горончаровский, Т. С. Тихонова, “Костяная деталь спинки кресла IV в. до н. э. из раскопок Горгиппии”], 79–83. 1 2Fig. 6. Finds from a building of the second half of the 4th century BC: 1 – tile of local manufacture; 2 – bone detail of a chair back in the form of a swan’s headVladimir Goroncharovskiy, Marina Vakhtina, Sergey Kashaev202The next building period (1st–2nd century AD) involves the remains of the walls, a paving of tiles and stone in the courtyard between them and four pits. Numerous pottery was retrieved from the fi ll of one of the latter (no. 2), including two cooking pans (Fig. 7. 1, 2), two frying pans with traces of soot, two one-handled pots, a jug with a zoomorphic handle (Fig. 7. 3), two grayware lamps, a red-glossed goblet (Fig. 7. 4), a bowl (Fig. 7. 5), a cup (Fig. 7. 6), a pinax (Fig. 7. 7), a handmade bowl, a bronze key of a casket (Fig. 7. 8), and two sestertii of Sauromates I (93/94–123/124 AD). Pit no. 2 was 1.41 m deep, 1.92 m in diameter, with the dimensions of the bottom 2.18×1.73 m. To the south of pit no. 2 at the level of the paving of tiles and stone, a bone plaque with four holes (detail of musical instrument?) was found (Fig. 7. 9).The paving of tiles and stone mentioned above was partially demo-lished and reused in the construction of a water drain in the end of the 2nd century AD. The drain was in use until the destruction of the city around 240 AD. This water drain 0.24 m wide was traceable over a distance of 12 m. It was carelessly blocked with small fl at pieces of stone. Two pits of the same period are associated with the fi nal period of the city’s occupation. One of them (no. 7) was of a rectangular plan and served for storing lime.Thus the studied cultural layers excavated belong to the period about six centuries long and give additional information on the boundaries of Gorgippia and its necropolis corresponding to diff erent historical stages.Vladimir A. GoroncharovskiyInstitute for the History of Material Culture,St Petersburg (IHMC RAS)goronvladimir@yandex.ruMarina Ju. VakhtinaInstitute for the History of Material Culture, St Petersburg (IHMC RAS)vakhtina@rambler.ruSergey V. KashaevInstitute for the History of Material Culture, St Petersburg (IHMC RAS)kashaevs@mail.ru203Gorgippia   Fig. 7. Finds from pit no. 2 of the 2nd century AD: 1, 2 – cooking pans; 3 – jug with a zoomorphic handle; 4–7 – red-glossed pottery; 8 – bronze key of a casket; 9 – bone plaque with four holes1 23 4 56 78 9Vladimir Goroncharovskiy, Marina Vakhtina, Sergey Kashaev204BibliographyE. M. Alekseeva, Grecheskaja kolonizatsija Severo-Zapadnogo Kavkaza [Greek Colonization of the North-West Caucasus] (Moscow 1991).E. M. Alekseeva, Antichnyj gorod Gorgippia [Classical City of Gorgippia] (Moscow 1997). V. A. Goroncharovskiy, T. S. Tikhonova, “Kostjanaja detal’ spinki kresla 4 v. do n. e.” [“Bone Detail of a Chair Back of the 4th century BC from the Excavations of Gorgippia”], in: R. B. Skhatum, V. V. Ulitin (eds.), VI Anfi movskie chtenija po archeologii Zapadnogo Kavkaza (Krasnodar 2016) 79–83.Katalog sobranija antichnykh gemm Gosudarstvennogo muzeja izobrazitel’nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina [Catalogue of Ancient Gems of the State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts] (Moscow 1993).V. I. Katz, Grecheskie keramicheskie klejma epokhi klassiki i ellinizma (opyt kompleksnjgo izuchenija) [Greek Pottery Stamps of Classical and Hellenistic Epoch (Experience of a Complex Study)] (Simferopol – Kerch 2007).V. I. Katz, Keramicheskie klejma Aziatskogo Bospora. Gorgippia i ee khora. Semibratnee gorodiszcze [Pottery Stamps of Asian Bosporus. Gorgippia and its Chora. Seven Brothers’s Townsite] (Saratov 2015). E. A. Symonovich, Naselenie stolitsy pozdneskifskogo tsarstva (po materialam vostochnogo mogil’nika Neapolja Skifskogo) [Population of the Capital of the Late Scythian Kingdom (through Materials of the East Cemetery of Scythian Neapolis] (Kiev 1983].Further readingВ. А. Горончаровский, “Монеты из раскопок Горгиппии в 2016 г.” [“Coins from the Excavations of Gorgippia in 2016”], Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia 62 (2016) 43–50.В. А. Горончаровский, М. Ю. Вахтина, “Раскопки в юго-восточной части некрополя Горгиппии” [“Excavations in the South-East Part of the Necropolis of Gorgippia”], in: А. М. Новичихин (ред.), Синдика, Горгиппия, Анапа: Исследования по археологии и истории (Krasnodar–Anapa 2014) 73–80. СonspectusСONSPECTUSR  MAchilles’ Inconsistency in Aristotle’s Lost Homeric Problems: a Fresh Look at Four bT-scholia of the Iliad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5C  M. L , M  S  Il ruolo di Posidonio e della dossografi a per la datazione del Περὶ κόσμου e i rapporti con l’Elogium geographiae. II . . . . . . . . . . .  27S  S Comparanda: Il Papiro di Artemidoro e i suoi apparati grafi ci  . . . . . . . . .  56ARCHAEOLOGICAD  CInvestigations on Berezan Island in 2014–2018 (Hermitage Museum Archaeological Expedition) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  97N  N‘The House of Archelaos’: Archaeological Investigations of the State Hermitage Expedition in Quarter XX of the Tauric Chersonesos in 2014–2018   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  107O  SArchaeological Research of the Late Scythian Site of Frontovoye 2 in 2018   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  118A  KInvestigation of the Ancient Settlement of Kytaion in 2015–2018: Archaeological Expedition of the State Hermitage Museum  . . . . . . . . . .  126V  KInvestigations of Necropoleis of Kytaion in 2014–2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  133O  SThe Nymphaion Expedition of the State Hermitage Museum (2014–2018)   . . . Сonspectus4 143A  EInvestigations at the Site of the Necropolis of the Acient Town of Nymphaion  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  155A  BInvestigations of the Myrmekion Expedition in 2014–2018 . . . . . . . . . . .  161O  SInvestigations of the Coastal Part of Ilyich-1 Settlement in 2015–2016 . .  170S  KExcavations of the Taman Detachment of the Bosporan Expedition of IHMC RAS in 2014–2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  178Y  A. VInvestigations of the Rurial Sanctuary at the Settlement of Artyushchenko-1 (Bugazskoe) on the Taman Peninsula in 2015–2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  187V  G , M  V , S  KExcavations of Gorgippia and its Necropolis in 2012 and 2016 . . . . . . . .  194Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  205

Excavations of Gorgippia and its Necropolis in 2012 and 2016

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Excavations of Gorgippia and its Necropolis in 2012 and 2016

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