Findings presented regarding childhood and adult religiosity/spirituality as protective factors against Lifetime Alcohol Abuse

Fortuna, Lisa R.

Porche, Michelle V.

Torres Stone, Rosalie A.

Wachholtz, Amy B.

English

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University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS Implementation Science and Practice Advances Research Center Publications Psychiatry 2009 Lifetime Alcohol Abuse Prevalence: Role of Childhood and Adult Religion Amy B. Wachholtz University of Massachusetts Medical School Et al. Let us know how access to this document benefits you. Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/psych_cmhsr  Part of the Health Services Research Commons, Psychiatric and Mental Health Commons, Psychiatry Commons, Psychiatry and Psychology Commons, Religion Commons, and the Substance Abuse and Addiction Commons Repository Citation Wachholtz AB, Fortuna LR, Porche MV, Torres Stone RA. (2009). Lifetime Alcohol Abuse Prevalence: Role of Childhood and Adult Religion. Implementation Science and Practice Advances Research Center Publications. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/psych_cmhsr/632 This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Implementation Science and Practice Advances Research Center Publications by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact Lisa.Palmer@umassmed.edu. Childhood ReligiosityInternal religiosityReligious affiliationAdult Religiosity/SpiritualityExternal R/S behaviorsInternal R/SR/S CopingReligious AffiliationChildhood AdversityChildhood PovertyChildhood NeglectParental Alcohol AbuseParental DepressionDemographic ControlsRace/EthnicityGenderEarly Onset DrinkingChildhood Social SupportNumber of CaregiversAdult Social SupportSocial NetworksFamily CohesionFamily ConflictAdult CharacteristicsIncomeEducation Level Marital StatusParental StatusAny Psychiatric DiagnosisAlcohol Use and DisordersAlcohol AbuseAlcohol DependenceBinge DrinkingTheoretical ModelLifetime Alcohol Abuse Prevalence: Role of Childhood and Adult ReligionAmy Wachholtz PhD1, Lisa Fortuna MD1, Michelle Porche EdD2, Rosalie Torres Stone PhD11 Dept of Psychiatry, UMass Medical School , 2 Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley CollegeBackgroundAlcohol abuse disorder has a lifetime prevalence rate of 13.2%  f(Kessler, et al., 2005)  Over half of these cases are diagnosed by the early 20s, and three- fquarters by age 30 (Kessler, et al., 2005)  Early influences on ETOH consumption have long lasting impact on  flater ETOH consumption, health status, and SES (Delucchi, Matzger, & Weisner, 2008)Religion is protective against ETOH abuse (Michalak, Trocki, &  fBond, 2007) Religiosity/Spirituality is protective against alcohol use among  femerging adults from multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds (Mahoney, Pargament, Carels, Wachholtz, Edwards, et al.,2005)  Religion/Spiritual variables positively impact health behaviors and  falcohol use in 84% of studies (Rew & Wong, 2006)Childhood & Adult InfluencesHowever, little is known about:  f - the relationship among stressors, childhood and adult religious variables, and lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse among diverse ethnic groups  - the link among childhood and adult religiousness and lifetime alcohol abuse (LAA)Hypotheses1. Childhood and adult religiosity/spirituality will be protective factors against LAA2. Male gender, SES factors, childhood adversity and parental substance abuse will be risk factors for LAAResults Overall the prevalence for LAA was 13.2% Religiosity/Spirituality as Protective•– Frequent of church attendees have decreased odds– Childhood religiosity as moderated by adult internal religion/spirituality lowered risk Childhood Adversity as Risk•– Intergenerational risk: maternal substance abuse and paternal substance use related to increased odds for LAA – Under supervised when young increased risk  Demographic Influences•– Males greater likelihood of LAA than females – LAA diagnosis more likely in younger individuals (relative to seniors aged 65 and older), greatest risk group are established adults ages 35 to 49– Controlling for all other factors, there were no associations by race/ethnicity or education level. – Middle income levels ($35-75,000) greater likelihood of LAA compared to higher income level. – Married/Cohabitating was a protective factorDiscussionAdult and childhood religious variables impact prevalence • of alcohol abuse even after adjusting for demographics and childhood adversity. Specific developmental periods have increased risk; age • targeted treatment interventions are needed. Religiousness/spirituality also change across the life • course and should be integrated accordingly into age targeted interventions.Next Steps:  Include the NSAL and NLAAS data from the CPES to • continue to identify critical variables in the LAA modelIdentify the extent to which different aspects of religion/• spirituality impact LAA among diverse ethnic groups Table 1. Series of Weighted Logistic Regressions of Any Lifetime Alcohol Abuse(Odds Ratios Presented)Independent Variables Model 1Lifetime Alcohol AbuseMale 4.18***Age Categorical 18-34 2.34**35-49 3.14***50-64 2.40***65+ 1Race/Ethnicity Asian 0.69Black 0.79Latino 1.08White 1Education Level Less than High School Diploma 1.30High School Diploma 1.15College 1.03Graduate School 1Income Level Less than $15,000 1.39$15,000 – $34,999 1.2335,000 - $74,999 1.54**$75, 000+ 1Married/Cohabitating (versus Divorced/Separated/Never Married) .57***Grew up with Both Parents 1.04Family on Welfare when Growing Up 1.32Maternal Substance Abuse 3.10***Paternal Substance Abuse 2.19***Maternal Depression 1.17Unsupervised at too Early Age 1.79***Hungry, Parents didn’t Fix Meals 1.24Importance of Religion as a Child 0.93Frequency Church Attendance .56***Religion Guides Decisions 1.55*Importance of Religion as a Child xReligion Guides Decisions .58***p<.05   **p<.01  *** p<.001Religiosity/SpiritualityReferencesDelucchi, K. L., Matzger, H., & Weisner, C. (2008). Alcohol in emerging •	adulthood: 7-year study of problem and dependent drinkers. Addict Behav, 33(1), 134-142.Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & •	Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62(6), 593-602.Michalak, L., Trocki, K., & Bond, J. (2007). Religion and alcohol in the •	U.S. National Alcohol Survey: How important is religion for abstention and drinking? [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.013]. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 87(2-3), 268-280.Rew, L., & Wong, Y. J. (2006). A systematic review of associations among •	religiosity/spirituality and adolescent health attitudes and behaviors. [doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.02.004]. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(4), 433-442.Mahoney, A., Carels, R.A., Pargament, K.I., Wachholtz, A.B., Edwards-•	Leeper,	L.,	Kaplar,	M.,	&	Frutchey,	R.	(2005).		The	Sanctification	of	the	Body and Behavioral Health Patterns of College Students.  International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 15, 221-238.Data & SampleThe National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R; Kessler et al., 2004) is a probability sample of the US.  Assessments based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - IV (DSM-IV), 1994. 4153 respondents with complete alcohol and religion data were included from the NCS-R.Measures• Outcome: Any lifetime diagnosis of alcohol abuse as determined by the NCS –R/DSM criteria• Childhood Religiosity• Adult Religiosity/Spirituality • Childhood adversity (dichotomous yes/no)• Childhood support• Demographic factors Corresponding Author –  Amy Wachholtz Email: amy.wachholtz@umassmemorial.orgLifetime Alcohol Abuse by Gender and Race/EthnicityFemale Male14121086420% PrevalenceFull Sample Asian Black Latino WhiteReligion as a Child Rated as “Somewhat” or “Very Important”Attends Church Once a Month or More as an Adult Decisions in Daily Life “Sometimes” or “Often” Guided by Religion/SpiritualityExternal Religiosity/Spirituality Adult Internal Religiosity/Spirituality Adult

Lifetime Alcohol Abuse Prevalence: Role of Childhood and Adult Religion

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Lifetime Alcohol Abuse Prevalence: Role of Childhood and Adult Religion

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