Phloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is reported for the first time from fallen wood of cultivated fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morelos, Mexico.Se reporta por vez primera a Phloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) de madera de higo cultivado (Ficus carica L.) en Morelos, México

ARMANDO BURGOS SOLORIO

Dagoberto Guillén Sánchez

ELIZABETH DE LOS SANTOS GARCIA

VICTOR LOPEZ MARTINEZ

English

Repositorio Institucional de Acceso Abierto (RIAA) (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos)

ACTA AGRÍCOLA Y PECUARIA, 5: E0051002NOTA CIENTÍFICADoi: https://doi.org/10.30973/aap/2019.5.0051002 (28 de julio de 2019)Elizabeth De los Santos-García1, Víctor López-Martínez1, Armando Burgos-Solorio2,  Dagoberto Guillén-Sánchez11 Posgrado en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Desarrollo Rural, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.2 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (UAEM).*Autor para correspondencia: victor.lopez@uaem.mxFirst record of Phloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on cultivated Ficus carica L. in Morelos, MexicoFecha de recepción: 29 de octubre de 2018.Fecha de aceptación: 21 de enero de 2019.Disponible en línea: 28 de julio de 2019.AbstractPhloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is reported for the first time from fallen wood of cultiva-ted fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morelos, Mexico.Keywordsbark beetle, fig tree, host associationResumenSe reporta por vez primera a Phloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) de madera de higo cultivado (Ficus carica L.) en Morelos, México.Palabras claveescarabajo descortezador, higo, asociación de huéspedThe cultivated fig tree, Ficus carica L. (Moraceae), is a growing crop in Mexico, with 1507.95 ha cultivated, 52.8% of which is cultivated in Morelos (797.5 ha) (SIAP 2018), with  a slow but constant surface expansion rate. Surprisingly, data on F. carica pests is limited. Reports include shot and stem borers (Bautista et al. 2003, López-Martínez et al. 2015) and Drosophilidae fruit flies (Bautista et al. 2017).In cultivated fig tree orchards, pruning is a traditional agronomic activity. This practice is conducted for phytosanitary purposes and to induce vegetative growth (Kumar 2014, Maimon 1988). But incorrect wood elimination (figure 1) has a potential consequence: having wood debris acting as a valuable xylophagous and phleophagous reservoir (Siitonen 2001).While conducting xylophagous studies on cultivated Ficus in Morelos, Mexico, many specimens of undetermined scolytinae were collected from fallen pruned branches (figure 1). This allowed us to identify this material at the species level and generate data for technicians and farmers recognition. Until now, none scolitine species have been recorded from cultivated fig trees from Morelos.  Material was preserved and mounted with standard techniques, determined with Wood (1982) keys. Pictures of adult specimens were taken with a DXM 1200C Nikon camera attached to a SMZ 1500 stereomicroscope and edited with image processing software (Image tools 3.0 and Adobe Photo Shop CS6 v13.0 Extended). 2ACTA AGRÍCOLA Y PECUARIA, 5: E0051002First record of Phloetribus opimus Wood De los Santos-García et al.All specimens were determined as Phloetribus opimus Wood, 1969 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a small bark beetle collected in Mexico and Central America (Atkinson et al. 1986, Wood 1969 and 1982, Wood and Bright 1992).Phloetribus opimus Wood, 1969.Material examined: 224 specimens, MEXICO: Xalostoc, Morelos, madera colectada [fallen wood], 28/V/2017, E. De los Santos G., 18.7317 -98.9182, specimens emerged in laboratory on several dates: 29/V/2017, 30/V/2017, 31/V/2017, 1/VI/2017, 6/VI/2017, 8/VI/2017, 9(VI/2017, 10/VI/2017, 16/VI/2017, 17/VI/2017, 19/VI/2017, 20/VI/2017, 23/VI/2017, 25/VI/2017, 4/VII/2017, 25/VII/2017, 26/VII/2017, 27/VII/2017, 8/VIII/2017, 9/VIII/2017, 10/ VIII/2017, 11/VIII/2017, 24/VIII/2017, 25/VIII/2017, 26/VIII/2017, 31/VIII/2017, 1/IX/2017, 3/IX/2017, 5/IX/2017, 7/IX/2017, 9/IX/2017, 30/IX/2017, 3/X/2017, 10/X/2017, 15/X/2017, 18/X/2017, 20/X/2017, 25/X/2017, 27/X/2017, 1/XI/2017, 6/XI/2017, 11/XI/2017, 15/XI/2017, 21/XI/2017, 25/XI/2017, 28/XI/2017, 30/XI/2017, 2/XII/2017, 8/XII/2017, 10/XII/2017, 15/XII/2017, 18/XII/2017, 21/XII/2017, 23/XII/2017, 26/XII/2017, 29/XII/2017, 2/I/2018, 5/I/2018, 8/I/2018, 11/I/2018, 16/I/2018, 19/I/2018, 22/I/2018, 26/I/2018, 28/I/2018, 2/II/2018, 6/II/2018, 10/II/2018, 13/II/2018, 17/II/2018, 20/II/2018, 23/II/2018, 26/II/2018, 1/III/2018, 4/III/2018, 10/III/2018, 16/III/2018, 20/III/2018, 27/III/2018, 30/III/2018, 4/IV/2018, 10/IV/2018, 16/IV/2018, 18/IV/2018, 21/IV/2018, 24/IV/2018, 29/IV/2018, 4/V/2018, 8/V/2018, 12/V/2018, 81/V/2018, 26/V/2018, 8/V/2018.Phloetribus opimus (figure 2) is regarded as a potential pest of exotic and native Ficus species, with a 2-ramification-horizontal gallery (Atkinson et al. 1986), causing mild damage to branches of living trees (Atkinson et al. 1986). Other host records are uncertain (Wood 1982). Its role as a pest on F. carica is still undetermined, but the present report confirms its preference for this host genus. Fallen branches are part of a common bad pruning practice in local cultivated fig trees, which farmers and technicians ought to improve to reduce alternative substrate for this and other wood feeding insects. On the other hand, this is the first scolitine species recorded from F. carica in the country, providing new data on phytophagous fauna associated to this fruit crop. Characterizing local fauna is the best opportunity to develop integrated management strategies. AcknowledgmentsWe would like to express our appreciation to Conacyt, for providing Elizabeth De los Santos-García (No. 606521) with a graduate scholarship. This work is the result of a collaboration between the Cuerpo Académico Producción Agrícola (UAEM CA-074) and Entomología y Fitopatología (UAEM CA-073).ReferencesAtkinson TH, Martínez-Fernández E, Saucedo-Céspedes E, Burgos-Solorio A. 1986. Scolytidae y Platypodidae (Coleoptera) asociados a selva baja y comunidades de-rivadas en el estado de Morelos, México. Folia Entomo-lógica Mexicana 69: 41-82.Bautista N, Hernández LM, Llanderal C. 2003. Insectos de importancia agrícola poco conocidos en México. Cole-gio de Postgraduados. Montecillos, México.Bautista N, Illescas CP, López E, Velazquez LJ, García CdeJ. 2017. Presence of Drosophilidae (Diptera: Ephydroi-dea) flies associates with fig fruits in Morelos, Mexi-co. Florida Entomologist 100(4): 813-186. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.100.0409Kumar R, Ganesh S, Chithiraichelvan R, Upreti KK, Sullad-math VV. 2014. Effect of spacing and pruning on grow-th, yield and quality of cv. Deanna fig (Ficus carica L.). Journal of Horticultural Sciences 9(1): 31-37.López-Martínez V, Vargas OR, Alia-Tejacal I, Toledo-Her-nández VH, Corona-López AM, Delfín-González H, Guillen-Sánchez D, Jiménez-García D. 2015. Xylopha-gous beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae and Ceramb-ycidae) from Ficus carica in Morelos, Mexico. The Coleopterists Bulletin 69(4): 780-788. https://doi.or-g/10.1649/0010-065X-69.4.780Maimon A. 1988. The optimal density and fig tree (Ficus carica L.) pruning for a breba crop in Israel. Acta Hor-ticulturae 480: 133-136. https://doi.org/10.17660/Acta-Hortic.1998.480.22 [SIAP] Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesque-ra [internet]. 2018. Anuario Estadístico de la Producción Agrícola. [cited 14 July 2018]. Available in: http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierreagricola/Siitonen J. 2001. Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organisms: Fannoscandian boreal fo-rests as an example. Ecological Bulletins 49: 11-41. ht-tps://doi.org/10.2307/20113262Wood SL. 1969. New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera), aprt IV. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin 10(2): 1-46.Wood SL. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxo-nomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 6: 1-1553.Wood SL, Bright SE. 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Pla-typodidae (Coleoptera), part 2. Taxonomic Index. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1-1553.ACTA AGRÍCOLA Y PECUARIA, 5: E0051002First record of Phloetribus opimus Wood De los Santos-García et al.3Figure 1. Wood debris accumulated in F. carica orchards, with symptoms of xylophagous feeding activity.Figure 2. Male habitus of Phloeotribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae, lateral view [left],  dorsal view [right]).

First record of Phloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera:Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on cultivated Ficus carica L. in Morelos, Mexico

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First record of Phloetribus opimus Wood (Coleoptera:Curculionidae: Scolytinae) on cultivated Ficus carica L. in Morelos, Mexico

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