Amer, Amal O

Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi

Lamkanfi, Mohamed

Mediators of Inflammation

English

PubMed

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Hindawi Publishing CorporationMediators of InflammationVolume 2012, Article ID 708972, 2 pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/708972EditorialInnate Immune Pathways in Host DefenseThirumala-Devi Kanneganti,1 Mohamed Lamkanfi,2, 3 and Amal O. Amer41Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS 351, Room E7004, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis,TN 38105-3678, USA2Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium3VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, 9000 Ghent, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium4Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USACorrespondence should be addressed to Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, thirumala-devi.kanneganti@stjude.orgReceived 16 December 2012; Accepted 16 December 2012Copyright © 2012 Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work isproperly cited.The innate immune system is a critical component ofhost defense against invading microbial pathogens. It isresponsible for mounting proper inflammatory and repairresponses that contribute to the elimination of the invadingpathogen and for instructing the adaptive immune system todevelop a prolonged immunity against microbial pathogens.This is accomplished through the regulation of transcrip-tional and posttranslational programs that culminate in theproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines,the induction of type I and II interferon responses andautophagy responses, and the induction of programmedcell death modes that eliminate infected host cells andexpose intracellular pathogens to surveillance by the immunesystem. This issue includes eight published papers which arediscussing the following issues.In the article “The EGF receptor and HER2 participatein TNF-α-dependent MAPK activation and IL-8 secretion inintestinal epithelial cells,” by H. B. Jijon et al., the authorsprovide evidence that TNF activates one ormoremetallopro-teinases leading to the release of TGF-α in intestinal epithelialcells.In the article “Innate immune cells in liver inflammation,”by E. Liaskou et al., the authors discuss the innate immunecells that take part in human liver inflammation, and theirroles in both resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.In the article “Optimizing dendritic cell-based immun-otherapy: Tackling the complexity of diﬀerent arms of theimmune system,” by I. Brussel et al., the authors explorethe molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adequateimmune responses and focus on most favourable DC cultureregimens and activation stimuli in humans. Also, theyenvisage that by combining each of the features outlined inthe current paper into a unified strategy, DC-based vaccinesmay advance to a higher level of eﬀectiveness.In the article “Danger signals activating the immuneresponse after trauma,” by S. Hirsiger et al., the authors focuseon the role of the dual function DAMPs in the initiation ofthe immune response after trauma.Moreover, they shed lighton recently discovered mechanisms of activation of innateimmunity by mitochondrial DAMPs released from disruptedcells which bear bacterial molecular motifs similar to PAMPsdue to their endosymbiotic origin.In the article “Guilty molecules, guilty minds? The con-flicting roles of the innate immune response to traumatic braininjury” by S. Hellewell and M. Morganti-Kossmann, theauthors discuss the positive, negative, and often conflictingroles of the innate immune response to TBI in both anexperimental and clinical settings and highlights recentadvances in the search for therapeutic candidates for thetreatment of TBI.In the article “Interplay between human cytomegalovirusand intrinsic/innate host responses: A complex bidirectionalrelationship” by G. Rossini., the authors review the viraland cellular partners that mediate early host responses toHCMV with regard to the interaction between structuralcomponents of virions (viral glycoproteins) and cellularreceptors (attachment/entry receptors, toll-like receptors,and other nucleic acid sensors) or intrinsic factors (PML,hDaxx, Sp100, viperin, interferon inducible protein 16), thereactions of innate immune cells (antigen presenting cells2 Mediators of Inflammationand natural killer cells), the numerous mechanisms of viralimmunoevasion, and the potential exploitation of events thatare associated with early phases of virus-host interplay as atherapeutic strategy.In the article “Lipopolysaccharides: From Erinyes to Char-ites” by A. Foca` et al., the authors focuse on recent datasupporting a beneficial activity of both typical and atypicalendotoxins. Such novel perspective looks promising for thedevelopment of new drugs for the prevention and therapy ofseveral human diseases.In the article “Essential role of mast cells in the visceralhyperalgesia induced by T. spiralis infection and stress in rats”by C.-Q. Yang et al., the authors show that the visceralhyperalgesia cannot be triggered by stress in MCs-deficientrats, although both stress and infection play an importantrole in visceral hyperalgesia in wild control rats.Thirumala-Devi KannegantiMohamed LamkanfiAmal O. Amer

Innate immune pathways in host defense

Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti

Mohamed Lamkanfi

Amal O. Amer

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Innate Immune Pathways in Host Defense

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Innate immune pathways in host defense

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