Primates are frequently used lab animals in biomedical research, due to their close relationship to humans. Especially, the genus Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset) and the genus Macaca mulatto (rhesus monkey) are commonly used in scientific research. In this article, a systematic overview is given of the main bone pathologies of primates. Bone pathologies may occur spontaneously, but can also be induced experimentally for research into human diseases. Knowledge about these pathologies is not only important for the prevention and treatment of human and primate bone diseases, it also contributes to choosing the correct animal models. The historically most important bone pathologies belong to the group of metabolic disorders, among which rickets/osteomalacia and osteoporosis are the best known. Congenital disorders, developmental pathologies, intoxications and deficiencies with effects on the skeleton are also discussed. Finally, bone tumors are described, which do not occur frequently, but which should not be neglected
